1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | The challenge of feeding a growing population |
1.2. | Meat is an inefficient source of nutrition |
1.3. | The environmental impact of animal agriculture |
1.4. | COVID-19: the latest zoonotic disease stemming from the meat industry |
1.5. | The world is unlikely to become vegetarian |
1.6. | A brief history of meat substitutes |
1.7. | Plant-based meat |
1.8. | Plant-based meat sales are growing |
1.9. | The explosion in plant-based meat: why now? |
1.10. | Challenges of plant-based meat |
1.11. | The challenge of replicating meat protein |
1.12. | How plant-based meat is made |
1.13. | Extrusion: a key technology |
1.14. | Plant-based meat only uses a few proteins |
1.15. | Common proteins in plant-based meat |
1.16. | Common proteins in plant-based meat - key |
1.17. | Plant-based meat is expensive |
1.18. | Price parity with meat is challenging |
1.19. | Health is a major driver of consumer behaviour |
1.20. | Why don't people eat plant-based meat? Consumer barriers |
1.21. | Could COVID-19 accelerate the growth of plant-based meat? |
1.22. | Investments in plant-based meat |
1.23. | Major investments in plant-based meat companies |
1.24. | Plant-based meats key players: top ten start-ups by funding |
1.25. | Plant-based meat market forecast by region, 2021-2031 |
1.26. | Plant-based meat market forecast, 2021-2031, market share of global conventional meat market |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | The meat industry: an overview |
2.1.1. | The meat industry - an overview |
2.1.2. | The American meat industry - an overview |
2.1.3. | Meat production across the world |
2.1.4. | Demand in the developed world has stagnated |
2.1.5. | Demand in the developing world is growing |
2.1.6. | Chicken is taking the lead |
2.1.7. | An overview of the seafood industry |
2.2. | Sustainability issues in the meat industry |
2.2.1. | The challenge of feeding a growing population |
2.2.2. | Meat is an inefficient source of nutrition |
2.2.3. | The environmental impact of animal agriculture |
2.2.4. | Beef has the highest environmental impact |
2.2.5. | Public health risks |
2.2.6. | COVID-19: the latest zoonotic disease stemming from the meat industry |
2.2.7. | The problem with seafood |
2.3. | Alternative proteins |
2.3.1. | The world is unlikely to become vegetarian |
2.3.2. | A brief history of meat substitutes |
2.3.3. | Plant-based meat |
2.3.4. | Impossible Foods |
2.3.5. | Plant-based meat sales are growing |
2.3.6. | Challenges of plant-based meat |
2.3.7. | Structured and unstructured meat |
2.3.8. | Fermentation derived proteins |
2.3.9. | Cultured meat |
2.3.10. | Mosa Meat |
2.3.11. | Memphis Meats |
2.4. | Plant-based meat |
2.4.1. | Could plant-based meat be the answer? |
2.4.2. | A definition of plant-based meat |
2.4.3. | What is plant-based meat? |
2.4.4. | The explosion in plant-based meat: why now? |
2.4.5. | The growing market for meat substitutes |
2.4.6. | Veganism is becoming more popular |
2.4.7. | Plant-based meat: not just for vegetarians |
2.4.8. | SWOT analysis for novel vegan meat substitutes |
3. | WHAT IS MEAT? |
3.1. | Chapter overview |
3.2. | The structure of meat |
3.3. | Myocytes or myotubes |
3.4. | Connective tissue - fibroblasts and chondrocytes |
3.5. | Adipocytes |
3.6. | The importance of fat in meat |
3.7. | The extracellular matrix (ECM) |
3.8. | The taste of meat |
3.9. | Texture in meat - challenges of replicating with plants |
3.10. | The nutritional profile of meat |
3.11. | Nutrient profiles of animal and plant-based proteins |
4. | PLANT-BASED MEAT: PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES |
4.1. | Making plant-based meat |
4.1.1. | The challenge of replicating meat protein |
4.1.2. | What's in plant-based meat? |
4.1.3. | How plant-based meat is made |
4.1.4. | The ecosystem around plant-based meat |
4.1.5. | Production of plant-based meat: flow diagram |
4.1.6. | Extrusion: a key technology |
4.1.7. | Thermoplastic protein extrusion |
4.1.8. | Extrusion of plant-based proteins |
4.1.9. | Single-screw and twin-screw extruders |
4.1.10. | Factors in extrusion |
4.1.11. | High moisture extrusion |
4.1.12. | Process improvements in extrusion |
4.1.13. | Challenges in extrusion |
4.1.14. | Extrusion is not the only method: power heating |
4.1.15. | Shear cell technology |
4.2. | Plant-based proteins |
4.2.1. | Plant-based meat is not yet an agricultural focus |
4.2.2. | Plant-based meat only uses a few proteins |
4.2.3. | Soy protein |
4.2.4. | Pea protein |
4.2.5. | Wheat protein |
4.2.6. | Common proteins in plant-based meat |
4.2.7. | Common proteins in plant-based meat - key |
4.2.8. | Combinations of plant proteins |
4.2.9. | Plant proteins used in major retail brands |
4.2.10. | Mycoprotein |
4.2.11. | Novel plant proteins |
4.2.12. | Eat Just: a turbulent history |
4.2.13. | Plant-based meat: beyond the burger |
4.3. | Emerging technologies |
4.3.1. | Fermentation case study: soy hemoglobin |
4.3.2. | Crop optimisation for plant-based meat |
4.3.3. | Gene editing technology and plant-based meat |
4.3.4. | What is CRISPR? |
4.3.5. | Artificial intelligence in vegan meat substitutes |
4.3.6. | Structured plant-based meat |
4.3.7. | 3D printing plant-based meat |
4.3.8. | Mycelium |
4.3.9. | Atlast Food Co. |
4.3.10. | Plant-based/cell-cultured hybrid products |
4.3.11. | Plant-based/conventional meat hybrids |
4.4. | Cost reduction in plant-based meat production |
4.4.1. | Plant-based meat is expensive |
4.4.2. | Price parity with meat is challenging |
4.4.3. | The price of plant-based meat |
4.4.4. | Cost reduction in plant-based meat |
5. | CONSUMER AND REGULATORY ASPECTS |
5.1. | Consumer factors |
5.1.1. | Health is a major driver of consumer behaviour |
5.1.2. | Consumer perceptions of plant-based meat |
5.1.3. | Why don't people eat plant-based meat? Consumer barriers |
5.1.4. | Is plant-based meat healthy? |
5.1.5. | Taste and texture are key |
5.1.6. | Is plant-based meat a fad? |
5.1.7. | Soy is unpopular |
5.1.8. | The impact of COVID-19 on plant-based meat |
5.1.9. | Plant-based meat and COVID-19: consumer perceptions |
5.1.10. | Could COVID-19 accelerate the growth of plant-based meat? |
5.2. | Regulatory aspects |
5.2.1. | EU labelling regulations and plant-based meat |
5.2.2. | Labelling regulations in the USA |
5.2.3. | US standards of identity |
6. | THE PLANT-BASED MEAT INDUSTRY |
6.1. | Investments and markets |
6.1.1. | In the US, plant-based products form a $7 billion market |
6.1.2. | Plant-based milk as a model for plant-based meat |
6.1.3. | Investments in plant-based meat |
6.1.4. | Major investments in plant-based meat companies |
6.1.5. | Plant-based meats key players: top ten start-ups by funding |
6.1.6. | Plant-based meat substitutes by category |
6.1.7. | 2020 saw numerous product launches |
6.1.8. | Plant-based meat key players: top ten US retail brands |
6.1.9. | Industry interest in plant-based meat is growing |
6.1.10. | Major food companies are acting |
6.1.11. | Major food companies are launching competing brands |
6.1.12. | Mergers and acquisitions in plant-based alternatives |
6.1.13. | Fast food has been a major driver for plant-based meat |
6.1.14. | The importance of store placement |
6.2. | Regional considerations |
6.2.1. | Unstructured meat dominates the US conventional meat market |
6.2.2. | China's problem with meat consumption |
6.2.3. | China and meat alternatives |
6.2.4. | Europe and meat alternatives |
7. | MARKET FORECASTS |
7.1. | Plant-based meat market forecast by region, 2021-2031 |
7.2. | Plant-based meat market forecast, 2021-2031, structured vs. unstructured meat products |
7.3. | Plant-based meat market forecast, 2021-2031, market share of global conventional meat market |
7.4. | Conventional meat production forecast by region |
7.5. | Global conventional meat production forecast by animal |
7.6. | Global conventional meat market forecast by region |
7.7. | Global conventional meat market forecast by animal |
8. | APPENDIX: DATA TABLES |
8.1. | Plant-based meat market forecast by region, 2021-2031 |
8.2. | Plant-based meat market forecast, 2021-2031, structured vs. unstructured meat products |
8.3. | Conventional meat production forecast by region |
8.4. | Conventional meat production forecast by region |