1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Report Overview |
1.2. | What is a PEM fuel cell? |
1.3. | Major components for PEM fuel cells |
1.4. | Applications for fuel cells and major players |
1.5. | BPP: Purpose and form factor |
1.6. | Materials for BPPs: Graphite vs metal |
1.7. | BPP manufacturers flow chart |
1.8. | GDL: Purpose and form factor |
1.9. | GDL supply chain and key players |
1.10. | Membrane: Purpose and form factor |
1.11. | Market leaders for membrane materials |
1.12. | Property benchmarking of membranes |
1.13. | Ongoing Concerns with PFAS |
1.14. | Outlook for Proton Exchange Membranes |
1.15. | Catalyst: Purpose and form factor |
1.16. | Trends for fuel cell catalysts |
1.17. | Key suppliers of catalysts for fuel cells |
1.18. | Balance of plant for PEM fuel cells |
1.19. | Overview of market forecasts |
1.20. | PEM fuel cell market for transport 2020-2034 |
1.21. | Fuel cells within the FCEV market |
2. | MARKET FORECASTS |
2.1.1. | Forecast methodology and assumptions |
2.1.2. | PEM Fuel Cell Demand for Transportation (MW) 2020-2034 |
2.1.3. | PEM fuel cell market for transport 2020-2033 |
2.2. | Market Forecasts - Bipolar Plates |
2.2.1. | BPP demand by vehicle type 2020-2034 |
2.2.2. | BPP demand by plate material 2020-2034 |
2.2.3. | BPP material demand by plate material 2020-2034 |
2.2.4. | BPP market value by plate material 2020-2034 |
2.3. | Market Forecasts - Gas Diffusion Layer |
2.3.1. | GDL demand forecast 2020-2034 |
2.3.2. | GDL materials demand 2020-2034 |
2.3.3. | GDL market value forecast 2020-2034 |
2.4. | Market Forecasts - Membrane, Catalyst and CCM |
2.4.1. | PEM demand forecast 2020-2034 |
2.4.2. | PEM value forecast 2020-2034 |
2.4.3. | Catalyst (PGM) demand forecast 2020-2034 |
2.4.4. | CCM value forecast 2020-2034 |
3. | INTRODUCTION |
3.1. | Introduction to fuel cells |
3.2. | What is a fuel cell? |
3.3. | PEMFC working principle |
3.4. | PEMFC assembly and materials |
3.5. | Membrane assembly terminology |
3.6. | Alternative fuel cell technologies |
3.7. | High temperature PEMFC (1) |
3.8. | High temperature PEMFC (2) |
3.9. | Comparison of fuel cell technologies |
3.10. | What is a fuel cell vehicle? |
3.11. | Attraction of fuel cell vehicles |
3.12. | Transport applications for fuel cells |
3.13. | PEMFC market players |
3.14. | China fuel cell installed capacity 2020 |
3.15. | Other Chinese fuel cell system manufacturers |
4. | FCEV MARKETS |
4.1. | Fuel cell passenger cars |
4.2. | System Efficiency Between BEVs and FCEVs |
4.3. | Fuel Cell Car Models |
4.4. | Toyota Mirai 2nd generation |
4.5. | Hyundai NEXO |
4.6. | Honda discontinue FC-Clarity: Weak demand |
4.7. | Korea subsidy incentives: FCEV push but BEV far ahead |
4.8. | Chinese FCEV Support |
4.9. | Outlook for fuel cell cars |
4.10. | Light commercial vehicles (LCVs) - Vans |
4.11. | Fuel cell LCVs |
4.12. | Outlook for fuel cell LCVs |
4.13. | Truck Classifications |
4.14. | Heavy-Duty Trucks: BEV or Fuel Cell? |
4.15. | Outlook for fuel cell trucks |
4.16. | Fuel cell buses |
4.17. | Main advantages/disadvantages of fuel cell buses |
4.18. | Outlook for fuel cell buses |
4.19. | FCEV vs BEV Market Share in 2044 |
5. | FC TRAIN MARKETS |
5.1. | Overview of Train Types |
5.2. | Drivers for Zero-emission Rail |
5.3. | Fuel Cell Train Overview |
5.4. | Range Advantage for Fuel Cell Trains |
5.5. | Fuel Cell Technology Benchmarking for Rail |
5.6. | Rail Fuel Cell Suppliers |
5.7. | FC Multiple Unit Overview |
5.8. | FC Locomotives Overview |
5.9. | Outlook for Fuel Cell & Electric Trains |
6. | FC SHIP MARKETS |
6.1. | Marine Fuel Cells Introduction |
6.2. | Fuel Cells Technologies for Ships |
6.3. | Fuel Cell Suppliers: Leaders & Challengers |
6.4. | Fuel Cell Supplier Market Share 2019-2024 |
6.5. | Fuel Cell Deliveries by Vessel Type 2019-2024 |
6.6. | Policy Drivers for Maritime Fuel Cells |
6.7. | Outlook for Marine PEM Fuel Cells |
7. | BIPOLAR PLATES |
7.1.1. | Purpose of bipolar plate |
7.1.2. | BPP form factor |
7.1.3. | Effect of BPP form factor |
7.1.4. | Bipolar plate assembly (BPA) |
7.2. | Materials for BPPs |
7.2.1. | Important material parameters to consider for BPPs |
7.2.2. | Graphite as a BPP material |
7.2.3. | Metal as a BPP material |
7.2.4. | Cost progression of BPAs |
7.2.5. | Coatings are required for metal BPPs |
7.2.6. | Coating choices for metal BPPs |
7.2.7. | Manufacturing methods for BPPs |
7.2.8. | BPP manufacturers flow chart |
7.3. | BPP manufacturers |
7.3.1. | Overview of BPP Suppliers (non-exhaustive list) |
7.3.2. | Case Study (NC Titanium): Kobe Steel |
7.3.3. | Case Study (Dual Supply): Dana |
7.3.4. | Case Study (Graphite): SGL Carbon |
7.3.5. | Case Study (Graphite Composite): FJ Composite |
7.3.6. | Case Study (System Supplier): Schuler |
7.3.7. | Case Study (Laser Etch): SITEC |
7.3.8. | Case Study (Chemical Etch): Precision Micro |
7.3.9. | Comparison of graphite BPP suppliers |
7.3.10. | Ranked comparison of graphite BPPs |
7.4. | BPP coating specialists |
7.4.1. | Impact Coating |
7.4.2. | Precors |
7.5. | Latest trends and research for BPPs |
7.5.1. | Future directions for bipolar plate flow fields |
7.5.2. | Printed Circuit Board BPPs - Bramble Energy |
7.5.3. | Latest trends for BPPs |
7.5.4. | Latest developments for BPPs: Loop Energy |
7.5.5. | Latest developments for BPPs: CoBiP project |
7.5.6. | Additional early-stage commercial developments for BPPs |
7.5.7. | Latest academic research for BPPs |
7.5.8. | Woven mesh for fuel cells |
7.5.9. | Emerging manufacturing methods |
8. | GAS DIFFUSION LAYER |
8.1.1. | Role of the gas diffusion layer |
8.1.2. | Hydrophobic coating for GDLs |
8.1.3. | Wet vs dry GDL performance |
8.1.4. | GDL manufacturing process |
8.1.5. | Cellulosic fiber GDL: No MPL required |
8.1.6. | Interactions between GDL & catalyst layer |
8.1.7. | GDL latest research: Focus on dual hydrophobic and hydrophilic behaviour |
8.2. | GDL Supply Chain and Players |
8.2.1. | GDL supply chain |
8.2.2. | GDL player: SGL Carbon |
8.2.3. | GDL player: Toray |
8.2.4. | GDL player: AvCarb |
8.2.5. | GDL player: Freudenberg |
8.2.6. | SGL Carbon - GDL market leader |
8.2.7. | Outlook for Gas Diffusion Layers |
9. | MEMBRANE |
9.1.1. | Purpose of the membrane |
9.1.2. | Form factor of the membrane |
9.1.3. | Water management in the FC |
9.2. | Incumbent membrane materials |
9.2.1. | Proton exchange membrane overview |
9.2.2. | Chemical structure of PFSA membranes |
9.2.3. | Important material parameters to consider for the membrane |
9.2.4. | Market leading membrane material: Nafion |
9.2.5. | Competing membrane materials |
9.2.6. | Property benchmarking of membranes |
9.2.7. | Overview of PFSA membranes & key players |
9.2.8. | Gore manufacture MEAs |
9.2.9. | Membrane degradation processes overview |
9.3. | Production of PFSA membranes |
9.3.1. | PFSA membrane extrusion casting process |
9.3.2. | PFSA membrane solution casting process |
9.3.3. | PFSA membrane dispersion casting process |
9.4. | Recent innovation of PFSA membranes |
9.4.1. | Improvements to PFSA membranes |
9.4.2. | Trade-offs in optimizing membrane performance |
9.4.3. | Gore reinforced SELECT membranes |
9.4.4. | Chemours reinforced Nafion membranes |
9.5. | Concerns with PFAS (incl. PFSA) |
9.5.1. | Introduction to PFAS |
9.5.2. | What is the Concern? |
9.5.3. | Where Are PFAS Used? |
9.5.4. | Regulatory Outlook: EU |
9.5.5. | Regulatory Outlook: USA |
9.5.6. | Dutch Court Ruling on Environmental Damage Caused by PFAS Materials |
9.5.7. | Comments from Market Leader (Chemours) |
9.6. | Alternative (non-PFAS) membranes |
9.6.1. | Hydrocarbons as PEM fuel cell membranes |
9.6.2. | Assessment of hydrocarbon membranes |
9.6.3. | Key player: Ionomr Innovations |
9.6.4. | Benchmarking of Ionomr membrane against incumbent PFAS membrane |
9.6.5. | Metal-organic frameworks |
9.6.6. | Metal-organic frameworks for membranes: Academic research |
9.6.7. | MOF composite membranes |
9.6.8. | MOF composite membranes |
9.6.9. | Graphene in the membrane |
9.6.10. | Outlook for Proton Exchange Membranes |
10. | CATALYSTS |
10.1.1. | Platinum as a catalyst |
10.1.2. | Catalyst coated membrane (CCM) |
10.1.3. | Typical catalyst coated membrane (CCM) |
10.1.4. | Influence of carbon black support on Pt/C |
10.1.5. | Targets for reducing loading of catalytic materials in fuel cells |
10.1.6. | Recycling of the catalyst |
10.1.7. | Catalyst degradation mechanisms |
10.1.8. | Overview of trends for catalysts |
10.1.9. | Increasing catalytic activity - alternative metals |
10.1.10. | Increasing catalytic activity - form factor |
10.1.11. | SonoTek - Ultrasonic Deposition |
10.1.12. | Mebius - Pt Skin over Catalyst Core |
10.1.13. | Reduction of catalyst poisoning |
10.1.14. | Reduction of cost of catalyst |
10.1.15. | Future directions for catalysts |
10.2. | Key Suppliers of Catalysts |
10.2.1. | Leading catalyst suppliers: Cataler Corporation |
10.2.2. | Leading catalyst suppliers: Umicore |
10.2.3. | Leading catalyst suppliers: Johnson Matthey |
10.2.4. | Leading catalyst suppliers: Tanaka, Heraeus and BASF |
10.2.5. | Newly developed catalysts |
11. | COMPANY PROFILES |
11.1. | Related Profiles |