전세계 그래핀 시장규모는 2034년에 16억달러를 넘어설 것으로 전망

그래핀 및 2D 재료 기술, 주요 기업 및 시장 전망 2024-2034

Name: 그래핀 및 2D 재료 기술, 주요 기업 및 시장 전망 2024-2034
Author: Dr Conor O'Brien

그래핀 산업내 18개 응용분야에 대한 세분화된 시장 예측, 데이터 기반 응용분야 평가 및 벤치마킹, 150개 이상의 기업 인터뷰 및 80개 이상의 주요 기업 프로필을 포함하여 향후 10년간 시장 전망을 포함하고 있는 보고서

By Dr Conor O'Brien

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모두 보기 설명 목차, 표 및 그림 목록 가격

IDTechEx 의 그래핀 산업에 대한 10년이상의 조사를 바탕으로 이 보고서에서는 그래핀 및 2D 소재의 기술 및 상업화 동향에 대한 분석을 포함하여 18가지 응용분야에 시장동향 및 향후 10년간 시장전망을 포함하고 있습니다.

This report offers a detailed independent analysis of the technological and commercial progress of graphene and other 2D materials.

Why use IDTechEx for research on graphene and other nanomaterials?

This report is the result of more than a decade of ongoing market research. IDTechEx launched the first version of the report on CNTs and graphene in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and has been tracking the industries ever since. IDTechEx has interviewed hundreds of companies across the value chain to provide the most comprehensive view of the market.

IDTechEx has extensive in-depth coverage of many end-use markets for these materials, including a series of independent reports on such topics including energy storage, composites, conductive inks, flexible electronics, and more. This expertise on the end-use markets enables us to better understand the landscape in which these materials compete in and provide realistic outlooks.

Graphene: Finally moving out of the lab and into the market

Graphene-related materials are progressing through their own hype curve. The commercialization has been making steady progress and IDTechEx expect the graphene market to significantly grow over the next decade.

Graphene-related materials take a wide range of types, grades and forms, each with their own commercial outlook. There is some progression towards standardisation and safety legislation/qualification, but this challenge still prevails. Extensive analysis and benchmarking studies are shown in the report across the complete range of graphene materials.

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are the closest forms to significant commercial uptake. There are increasing signs that we are now in the rapid growth phase, with significant applications observed for polymer composites for automotive, heatspreaders for smartphones, industrial elastomers, anti-corrosion coatings and many more.

There is no "best graphene" with each application having different multifunctional requirements, the end-users now accept that the winning materials cannot be determined a priori as final application-level results are influenced by many parameters such as graphene morphology and purity. Players understand there is key know-how in both dispersing graphene and introducing valuable functionality, companies are competing to fill that crucial stage of the value chain (externally and in-house) to provide a range of intermediate products.

There are numerous strengths and weaknesses to the different graphene production processes with top-down approaches of liquid phase exfoliation and oxidation-reduction processes dominant. The report explores these processes in detail and also explores emerging alternatives looking to use alternate feedstocks, improve the efficiency and/or enhance the final product.

There are a very large number of graphene manufacturers, which will not be the case in the long term as major success will result in consolidation - with the first signs having been reported. This report tracks the manufacturers' progress in detail including their revenue, profitability, capacity, price, properties, partnerships and more. China has become a significant territory in terms of production capacity and research, which is explored throughout the report.

Our data suggest that revenue for graphene companies has been rising steadily for many years and this will accelerate as we pass through this inflection point. The rise, however, has not always been accompanied with increasing profit. Indeed, the industry, as a whole, is still loss making with only a handful of profitable companies and certainly some disillusionment arising as a result. Public and private funding still plays an important part of this nascent industry; this is tracked and discussed within the market report.

Advanced materials often suffer from being a material push rather than a market pull. The report looks at key sectors in detail to understand some of the business cases solving unmet needs. Market drivers include the necessity for improved thermal management, sustainability, lightweighting, product lifetime, and more.

With such an extensive potential application list, a key question is: where will there be success? Composites, energy storage, concrete, coatings, thermal management, and textiles all represent a very large potential and promising results have been seen. An outlook on the revenue and volume progression can be seen in the chart below and this roadmap is discussed in detail throughout the report.

Graphene Market and 2D Materials Assessment 2024-2034. We forecast that the graphene market will exceed US$1.6bn by 2034. Source IDTechEx

Graphene films and wafers, typically grown via a CVD process, have had a very different history and outlook. Given the obvious potential, transistors and TCFs were extensively targeted, but the lack of band gap and high-performance incumbent materials challenges has led to an inevitable realisation of limitations. However, with manufacturing improvements and further developments, commercial successes are being observed mostly for sensors and optoelectronic applications. Expansions are being observed and the next 10-years looks very promising for certain key end-user markets.

What about 2D materials beyond graphene?

Beyond graphene there is an emerging family of 2D materials, each with unique properties and potential across a range of commercial applications. Nearly all are at a very early-stage of development. IDTechEx provides a detailed assessment and outlook with a specific focus on boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and Xenes. Key technical progressions, prospective market applications, profiles of early-stage commercial companies, and detailed insights are all included within the report.

What about other advanced carbons?

Graphene is not the first nanocarbon, or indeed nanomaterial, to emerge out of the lab and, given that most applications see graphene used as an additive, understanding the competitive market is essential. Carbon black is the incumbent conductive carbon powder, of which there are numerous grades, and presents a likely long-term future for GNPs and rGO if high-volume killer applications are found. For a mature sector like this, the number of manufacturers is consolidated, a global presence established, and the margins significantly reduced.

There is also a lot to be learned from the commercial progression of multi-walled and single-walled carbon nanotubes. MWCNTs went through a premature period of capacity expansion when finding some niche and modest applications, and it is only in the last few years that the significant revenues and next stages of expansion are beginning to emerge, owing to their role in the cathode of lithium-ion batteries; meanwhile, SWCNTs hold much promise but have yet to find their key commercial use-case. This report covers these comparative markets in detail.

Key aspects

This report provides critical market intelligence for the graphene industry, and for each of the 18 application sectors covered. This includes:

A technological overview of the graphene market:

Assessment of manufacturing methods.
Overview of diverse grades of graphene material.
Comparison with competitive material landscape.
Analysis of 18 key application areas for graphene materials including pipeline and readiness levels.

An assessment of graphene suppliers worldwide:

Benchmarking studies of material on the market.
Trends in company revenue and profit/loss.
Pricing evolutions, trends, and strategies worldwide for graphene.
Nominal production capacity by supplier worldwide for graphene.

A market analysis throughout:

Ten-year application-segmented market projections for graphene (in different forms) in volume and value.
Segmented by 18 end-use applications.

Report Metrics	Details
CAGR	The global market for graphene materials will reach US$1.64 billion by 2034, representing a 27% CAGR over the next decade.
Forecast Period	2024 - 2034
Forecast Units	Volume (tonnes), Value (USD$)
Segments Covered	Energy storage (supercapacitors, li-ion batteries, silicon anode batteries), thermal management, composites (conductive polymer, mechanical polymer, tires), research, coatings and inks (conductive inks, RFID, textiles), concrete and asphalt, sensors and photonics, and others.

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Table of Contents

1.	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1.	Graphene: Analyst Viewpoint
1.2.	Graphene - Introduction
1.3.	Advanced Carbon: Overview
1.4.	Understanding Graphene: Production process
1.5.	Understanding Graphene: Material grades & forms
1.6.	Does anyone mass produce true graphene?
1.7.	Not all graphenes are equal: benchmarking study
1.8.	What is the next generation of graphene?
1.9.	The hype curve of the graphene industry
1.10.	Market entry from major players
1.11.	IP and regulatory landscape
1.12.	Comparison of business models
1.13.	Supply chain for GNP/rGO enabled polymer product
1.14.	Market leaders emerge and consolidation anticipated
1.15.	Private graphene investments
1.16.	Mergers & Acquisitions
1.17.	Revenue of graphene companies
1.18.	Profit and loss trend of graphene companies
1.19.	Profitable graphene companies
1.20.	Graphite players see opportunity in graphene
1.21.	Graphene platelet-type: global production capacity
1.22.	The importance of intermediates
1.23.	Is graphene green?
1.24.	Graphene prices by suppliers
1.25.	Is there a commoditization risk for graphene?
1.26.	Overview of Graphene Manufacturers
1.27.	Main graphene oxide manufacturers
1.28.	Graphene in China
1.29.	Main Chinese manufacturers
1.30.	Learning from the capacity progression of MWCNTs
1.31.	CVD graphene manufacturers
1.32.	Expanding graphene wafer capacity and adoption
1.33.	Application Overview - GNP and rGO
1.34.	Competitive Landscape - Application
1.35.	Graphene applications going commercial?
1.36.	Market breakdown by revenue and volume
1.37.	Commercial Indicators of the inflection point
1.38.	Nanoinformatics - Accelerating R&D
1.39.	Overview of 2D materials beyond graphene
2.	MARKET FORECASTS
2.1.	Forecast methodology and assumptions
2.2.	Granular ten-year graphene market forecast segmented by 18 application areas
2.3.	Granular ten-year graphene market forecast segmented by 18 application areas
2.4.	Ten-year forecast for volume demand for graphene material
2.5.	Ten-year forecast for volume demand for graphene material
2.6.	Progression of the graphene market
2.7.	Ten-year forecast for graphene platelet vs sheets
2.8.	CNT market forecast comparison
3.	COMPETITIVE MATERIAL LANDSCAPE
3.1.	Advanced Carbon: Overview
3.2.	Carbon black - Market overview
3.3.	Specialty carbon black - Market overview
3.4.	Carbon Nanotubes - Overview
3.5.	Progression and outlook for MWCNT capacity
3.6.	Graphite - Overview
3.7.	Carbon Fiber - Market overview
3.8.	Incumbent material - graphene competition
4.	GRAPHENE PRODUCTION
4.1.	Explaining the main graphene manufacturing routes
4.2.	Quality and consistency issue
4.3.	Expanded graphite
4.4.	Reduced graphene oxide
4.5.	Oxidising graphite: processes and characteristics
4.6.	Reducing graphene oxide: different methods
4.7.	Direct liquid phase exfoliation: process and characteristics
4.8.	Direct liquid phase exfoliation under shear force
4.9.	Electrochemical exfoliation
4.10.	Properties of electrochemical exfoliated graphene
4.11.	Plasma exfoliation
4.12.	Increasing number of plasma processes
4.13.	Substrate-less CVD (chemical vapour deposition)
4.14.	Substrate-less CVD: growth of flower like graphene
4.15.	Captured CO2 as a feedstock for advanced nanocarbons
4.16.	Producing graphene as an electronic substrate or material
4.17.	Chemical Vapour Deposited (CVD) Graphene
4.18.	Growth process of CVD graphene
4.19.	The key role of oxygen in CVD graphene growth
4.20.	CVD graphene: cm scale grain domains possible
4.21.	Roll to roll (R2R) growth of CVD graphene film
4.22.	The transfer challenge: a showstopper?
4.23.	Roll-to-roll transfer of CVD graphene
4.24.	Novel methods for transferring CVD graphene
4.25.	Using R2R joule heating to enable CVD growth
4.26.	Epitaxial: high performance but high cost
4.27.	Graphene from SiC
4.28.	Metal on silicon CVD (then transfer)
4.29.	Transfer-FREE metal on Si graphene
4.30.	Single crystal wafer scale graphene on silicon
4.31.	CVD Graphene Progress
4.32.	CVD Graphene Progress (2)
4.33.	CVD Graphene Progress (3)
4.34.	CVD Graphene Progress (4)
4.35.	Regulations - ISO
5.	ENERGY STORAGE: BATTERIES
5.1.	Energy storage: Graphene overview
5.2.	Graphene batteries introduction
5.3.	Graphene-enabled energy storage devices: Overview
5.4.	The energy storage market is booming
5.5.	Types of lithium battery
5.6.	Battery technology comparison
5.7.	Li-ion Timeline - Technology and Performance
5.8.	Main Graphene Players - Energy Storage
5.9.	LFP cathode improvement
5.10.	Why graphene and carbon black are used together
5.11.	Results showing graphene improves LFP batteries
5.12.	Results showing graphene improves NCM batteries
5.13.	Results showing graphene improves LTO batteries
5.14.	Value Proposition of High Silicon Content Anodes
5.15.	Silicon anodes
5.16.	Silicon anodes (2)
5.17.	Silicon anodes (3)
5.18.	Silicon anodes (4)
5.19.	Silicon anodes (5)
5.20.	Electrolyte and current collectors
5.21.	Fast charging lithium-ion batteries
5.22.	Motivation - why Lithium sulphur batteries?
5.23.	The Lithium sulphur battery chemistry
5.24.	Why graphene helps in Li sulphur batteries
5.25.	State of the art use of graphene in LiS batteries
5.26.	State of the art use of graphene in LiS batteries (2)
5.27.	Mixed graphene/CNT in batteries
5.28.	Graphene-enabled lead acid battery
5.29.	Aluminum-ion batteries
5.30.	Conclusions: graphene role in batteries
6.	ENERGY STORAGE: SUPERCAPACITORS
6.1.	Energy Storage Priorities
6.2.	Supercapacitor fundamentals
6.3.	Batteries vs supercapacitors
6.4.	Competition from other carbon nanostructures
6.5.	Challenges with graphene: poor out-of-plane conductivity and re-stacking
6.6.	Graphene supercapacitors players
6.7.	Graphene supercapacitor Ragone plots
6.8.	Promising results on GO supercapacitors
6.9.	Key Player: Skeleton Technologies
6.10.	Skeleton Technologies - Supercapacitor Battery Hybrid
6.11.	Targeted high-volume production
6.12.	Graphene supercapacitor products and outlook - new product launches over the full range
6.13.	Graphene supercapacitor products and outlook - wide range of applications
6.14.	Future iterations - graphene hydrogels and aerogels?
6.15.	Future iterations - graphene hydrogels and aerogels?
6.16.	Conclusions: graphene role in supercapacitors
7.	THERMAL MANAGEMENT
7.1.	Thermal Management: Smartphones
7.2.	Thermal management applications
7.3.	Introduction to Thermal Interface Materials (TIM)
7.4.	Advanced Materials for TIM - Introduction
7.5.	Summary of TIM utilising advanced carbon materials
7.6.	Achieving through-plane alignment
7.7.	Graphene heat spreaders: commercial success
7.8.	Graphene heat spreaders: performance
7.9.	Graphene heat spreaders: suppliers multiply
7.10.	Graphene as additives to thermal interface pads
7.11.	Graphene: heat conductivity boosters
7.12.	Nanofluidic coolant
8.	POLYMER ADDITIVE
8.1.	Introduction
8.1.1.	General observation on using graphene additives in composites
8.2.	Mechanical
8.2.1.	Evidence for mechanical property improvement
8.2.2.	Evidence for mechanical property improvement (2)
8.2.3.	Results showing Young's Modulus enhancement using graphene
8.2.4.	Commercial results on permeation graphene improvement
8.2.5.	Permeation Improvement
8.2.6.	Graphene providing enhanced fire retardancy
8.3.	Conductive
8.3.1.	Graphene platelet-based conductors: polymer composites
8.3.2.	Thermal conductivity improvement using graphene
8.3.3.	Electrical conductivity improvement using graphene
8.3.4.	EMI Shielding: graphene additives
8.3.5.	Commercial studies
8.4.	Commercial applications
8.4.1.	Key adoption examples - sports & leisure
8.4.2.	Key adoption examples - automotive
8.4.3.	Key adoption examples - industrial pipelines
8.4.4.	Mechanical Polymer: Adoption Examples - Packaging
8.4.5.	Mechanical Polymer: Adoption Examples - Elastomers
8.4.6.	Graphene-enhanced conductive 3D printing filaments
8.5.	Intermediate players
8.5.1.	Product Launches - Composites
9.	FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) ADDITIVES
9.1.	Role of nanocarbon as additive to FRPs
9.2.	Routes to incorporating nanocarbon material into composites
9.3.	Routes to electrically conductive composites
9.4.	Technology adoption for electrostatic discharge of composites
9.5.	Nanocarbon for enhanced electrical conductivity - Graphene
9.6.	Enhanced thermal conductivity - application overview
9.7.	Electrothermal de-icing - Nanocarbon patents
9.8.	Electrothermal de-icing - Graphene research
9.9.	Nanocomposites for enhanced thermal conductivity - graphene
9.10.	Embedded sensors for structural health monitoring of composites - introduction
9.11.	Embedded sensors for structural health monitoring of composites - types
9.12.	Nanocarbon Sensors for embedded SHM
10.	GRAPHENE CONDUCTIVE INKS
10.1.	Graphene platelet/powder-based conductors: conductive inks
10.2.	Applications of conductive graphene inks
10.3.	Results of resistive heating using graphene inks
10.4.	Heating applications
10.5.	Uniform and stable heating
10.6.	Results of de-frosting using graphene inks
10.7.	Results of de-icing using graphene heaters
10.8.	Transparent EMI shielding
10.9.	ESD films printed using graphene
10.10.	Graphene inks can be highly opaque
10.11.	RFID types and characteristics
10.12.	Graphene RFID tags
11.	SENSORS
11.1.	Industry examples of graphene-based sensors
11.2.	Graphene Sensors - Gas Sensors
11.3.	Graphene Sensors - Gas Sensors (2)
11.4.	Gas sensors - Overview
11.5.	Graphene sensor for food safety monitoring
11.6.	Biosensor - electrochemical transducer overview
11.7.	Graphene-based BioFET
11.8.	Graphene Sensors - Biosensors
11.9.	Graphene Sensors - COVID-19
11.10.	Graphene Quantum Dots
11.11.	Hall-effect sensor
11.12.	Graphene's optical properties
11.13.	Fast graphene photosensor
11.14.	Commercial example of graphene-enabled photodetector
11.15.	Emberion: QD-Graphene-Si broadrange SWIR sensor
11.16.	Emerging role in silicon photonics
11.17.	New graphene photonic companies
11.18.	Academic research: Twisted bilayer graphene sensitive to longer wavelength IR light
11.19.	QD-on-CMOS with graphene interlayer
11.20.	Graphene humidity sensor
11.21.	Optical brain sensors using graphene
11.22.	Graphene skin electrodes
11.23.	Graphene-enabled stretch sensor applications
12.	TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND GLASS
12.1.	Transparent conducting films (TCFs)
12.2.	Different Transparent Conductive Films (TCFs)
12.3.	ITO film shortcomings: flexibility
12.4.	ITO film shortcomings: limited sheet conductivity
12.5.	Indium's single supply risk: real or exaggerated?
12.6.	Graphene performance as TCF
12.7.	Doping as a strategy for improving graphene TCF performance
12.8.	Be wary of extraordinary results for graphene
12.9.	Graphene transparent conducting films: thinness and barrier layers
12.10.	LG Electronics: R2R CVD graphene targeting TCFs?
12.11.	Hybrid materials (I) : Properties
12.12.	Hybrid materials (II): Chasm
13.	GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS
13.1.	Introduction to transistors
13.2.	Transistor Figures-of-Merit (transfer characteristics)
13.3.	Transistor Figures-of-Merit (output characteristics)
13.4.	Why graphene transistors?
13.5.	First graphene FET with top gate (CMOS)- 2007
13.6.	High performance top gate FET
13.7.	Graphene FET with bandgap
13.8.	Opening a bandgap: e-field induced bandgap bilayer graphene
13.9.	Opening bandgap: No free lunch!
13.10.	Graphene wafer scale integration
13.11.	Can graphene FETs make it as an analogue high frequency device?
13.12.	So what if we print graphene? Poor competition gives hope!
13.13.	Fully inkjet printed 2D material FETs
13.14.	Fully inkjet printed 2D material FETs on TEXTILE
13.15.	Fully inkjet printed on-textile 2D material logic!
13.16.	Graphene transistor conclusions
14.	MEMBRANES
14.1.	Introduction to membranes
14.2.	Stacked Graphene Oxide
14.3.	Applications in paper/pulp industry
14.4.	Lockheed Martin graphene membrane
14.5.	Printed GO membranes
14.6.	Lithium extraction
14.7.	Emulsion separation
14.8.	Membrane players
14.9.	Filtration - Commercial launches
14.10.	Latest research for water filtration
14.11.	Sensors
14.12.	Electronics
14.13.	Fuel cells
15.	OTHER APPLICATIONS
15.1.	Concrete & asphalt: Overview
15.2.	Concrete & asphalt: Research and demonstrations
15.3.	Concrete & asphalt: Graphene outlook
15.4.	2022/23 Product Launches - Concrete
15.5.	Graphene textiles
15.6.	Graphene textile uptake
15.7.	Headphones
15.8.	Lubricants
15.9.	Engine oil
15.10.	Copper nanocomposites - introduction
15.11.	Production of copper nanocomposites
15.12.	Graphene platelet-based conductors: metal composites
15.13.	Metal composite developments
15.14.	Metal additive manufacturing
15.15.	Hot extrusion nanoalloy
15.16.	Multilayer copper nanocomposites
15.17.	Ceramic composite developments
15.18.	Graphene as additive in tires
15.19.	Results on use of graphene in silica loaded tires
15.20.	Graphene-enabled vehicle tire
15.21.	Graphene-enabled bike tires
15.22.	Anti-corrosion coating
15.23.	Other coatings
15.24.	Graphene UV shielding coatings
15.25.	2022/23 Product Launches - Coatings
15.26.	Antimicrobial: graphene research
15.27.	Antimicrobial: graphene applications
16.	ANALYSIS OF GNP, GO, RGO MANUFACTURERS
16.1.	List of graphene manufacturers
16.2.	NanoXplore
16.3.	NanoXplore - Financials
16.4.	NanoXplore - Partnerships
16.5.	NanoXplore - Key News
16.6.	NanoXplore - IP Activity
16.7.	The Sixth Element
16.8.	Directa Plus
16.9.	Avanzare
16.10.	Versarien
16.11.	First Graphene
16.12.	Thomas Swan
16.13.	NeoGraf
16.14.	Global Graphene Group (G3)
16.15.	Xiamen Knano
16.16.	SuperC
16.17.	Qingdao SCF Nanotech
16.18.	Leadernano
16.19.	Ningbo Morsh
16.20.	KB Element
17.	2D MATERIALS BEYOND GRAPHENE
17.1.	Overview
17.1.1.	2D materials beyond graphene: A GROWING family!
17.1.2.	Computation suggests thousands available
17.1.3.	"Atomic Lego" - the future of material science?
17.1.4.	2D materials beyond graphene: a GROWING family!
17.1.5.	Publication rate is astronomical
17.1.6.	A range of 2D materials exist with bandgaps!
17.2.	Nano Boron Nitride
17.2.1.	Introduction to Nano Boron Nitride
17.2.2.	BNNT players and prices
17.2.3.	BNNT property variation
17.2.4.	BN nanostructures in thermal interface materials
17.2.5.	BNNT developments (1)
17.2.6.	BNNT developments (2)
17.2.7.	BN vs C nanostructures: Manufacturing routes
17.2.8.	BNNS - manufacturing status
17.2.9.	BNNS - research advancements
17.3.	Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
17.3.1.	TMD overview
17.3.2.	TMD - Novel manufacturing method for MoS2
17.3.3.	MoS2: Change in band structure from bulk to 2D
17.3.4.	2D materials working: top gate FET
17.3.5.	Wafer scale uniform TMD growth
17.3.6.	Latest research to 300mm wafers
17.3.7.	TMDs: Major players
17.4.	MXenes
17.4.1.	MXenes: A rapidly emerging class
17.4.2.	MXenes - Application opportunities
17.4.3.	MXenes - Latest research
17.4.4.	MXenes - Latest Research (2)
17.5.	Phosphorene
17.5.1.	Phosphorene
17.5.2.	Phosphorene - Manufacturing
17.5.3.	Phosphorene - Manufacturing (2)
17.5.4.	Phosphorene - Biomedical applications
17.6.	Other 2D Materials
17.6.1.	Other 2D materials
17.6.2.	2.5D Materials
17.6.3.	Materials SWOT comparison
18.	COMPANY PROFILES
18.1.	Abalonyx 2020
18.2.	Advanced Materials Development 2021, 2022
18.3.	Aixtron
18.4.	Alpha Assembly Solutions
18.5.	American Boronite Corporation
18.6.	Applied Graphene Materials 2019, 2022
18.7.	Applied Nanolayers
18.8.	Atomic Mechanics
18.9.	Avanzare 2019, 2020
18.10.	AzTrong
18.11.	BeDimensional
18.12.	BestGraphene
18.13.	Bio Graphene Solutions
18.14.	Black Semiconductor
18.15.	BNNano 2019, 2022
18.16.	BNNT
18.17.	BNNT Technology Limited
18.18.	C's Techno
18.19.	Ceylon Graphene Technologies
18.20.	Charmgraphene
18.21.	CNM Technologies
18.22.	Colloids
18.23.	Directa Plus
18.24.	Epic Advanced Materials
18.25.	First Graphene 2019, 2022
18.26.	G6 Materials
18.27.	Garmor
18.28.	General Graphene Corporation
18.29.	Geradu Graphene
18.30.	Global Graphene Group 2019, 2020
18.31.	GNext
18.32.	Grapheal
18.33.	Graphenano
18.34.	Graphene Manufacturing Group
18.35.	Graphenea 2020, 2022
18.36.	GrapheneCA 2019, 2020
18.37.	Graphmatech
18.38.	Grolltex
18.39.	Haike
18.40.	Hubron
18.41.	HydroGraph
18.42.	Incubation Alliance
18.43.	Integrated Graphene
18.44.	KB Element
18.45.	Knano
18.46.	Laminar
18.47.	LayerOne
18.48.	Levidian
18.49.	Lyten
18.50.	MITO Material Solutions
18.51.	Nanotech Energy
18.52.	NanoXplore 2019, 2020, 2022
18.53.	NASA Glenn Research Center
18.54.	NematiQ
18.55.	Nemo Nanomaterials
18.56.	NeoGraf
18.57.	Ningbo Morsh
18.58.	Nova Graphene
18.59.	Paragraf
18.60.	Perpetuus Advanced Materials
18.61.	Qurv
18.62.	Raymor Industry/PPG 2019, 2022
18.63.	Real Graphene
18.64.	Sixonia
18.65.	Sixth Element 2019, 2020, 2022
18.66.	Smart High Tech
18.67.	Standard Graphene
18.68.	SuperC
18.69.	Talga Resources
18.70.	The Graphene Corporation
18.71.	Thomas Swan
18.72.	Toraphene
18.73.	True 2 Materials
18.74.	Tungshu (Dongxu Optoelectronic Technology)
18.75.	Universal Matter
18.76.	Versarien Group
18.77.	Vorbeck
18.78.	Watercycle
18.79.	William Blythe
18.80.	XG Sciences 2019, 2022
18.81.	Zentek