1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Introduction to fuel cells |
1.2. | SOFC working principle |
1.3. | SOFC assembly and materials |
1.4. | Overview of key players |
1.5. | Why now? |
1.6. | Desire for emission-free fuels |
1.7. | Fuel choices for SOFCs |
1.8. | Normalized benchmarking of SOFC fuels |
1.9. | Commercial use of fuels in SOFCs |
1.10. | LCOE from solid oxide fuel cells |
1.11. | Main applications for SOFCs |
1.12. | SOFCs for C&I Applications |
1.13. | SOFCs for Utilities |
1.14. | SOFCs for Data & Telecommunications |
1.15. | SOFCs for Residential Applications |
1.16. | Latest research for SOFCs |
1.17. | SOFCs for marine applications |
1.18. | Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (SOEC) overview |
1.19. | SOFC demand (MW) by application 2020-2033 |
1.20. | Price progression ($/kW) for SOFCs |
1.21. | SOFC market value outlook by application 2023-2033 |
1.22. | Market share (MW) by application |
2. | MARKET FORECASTS |
2.1. | Long-term forecasting of technologies |
2.2. | Forecast methodology |
2.3. | Forecast assumptions |
2.4. | SOFC demand (MW) 2016-2033 |
2.5. | SOFC demand (MW) by application 2020-2033 |
2.6. | Price progression ($/kW) for SOFCs |
2.7. | SOFC market value outlook 2023-2033 |
2.8. | SOFC market value outlook by application 2023-2033 |
3. | INTRODUCTION |
3.1.1. | Introduction to fuel cells |
3.1.2. | What is a fuel cell? |
3.1.3. | SOFC working principle |
3.1.4. | Alternative fuel cell technologies: PEMFC |
3.1.5. | Alternative fuel cell technologies |
3.1.6. | Comparison of fuel cell technologies |
3.1.7. | SOFC assembly and materials |
3.1.8. | Electrolyte |
3.1.9. | Anode |
3.1.10. | Cathode |
3.1.11. | Interconnect for planar SOFCs |
3.1.12. | Tubular SOFC |
3.1.13. | Polarization losses |
3.1.14. | SOFC variations |
3.1.15. | Combined heat & power (CHP) |
3.1.16. | Government targets |
3.1.17. | EU 'Fit for 55' |
3.1.18. | Overview of players in the SOFC market - USA |
3.1.19. | Overview of players in the SOFC market - Europe |
3.1.20. | Overview of players in the SOFC market - China |
3.1.21. | Overview of players in the SOFC market - APAC |
3.2. | Latest SOFC Research & Developments |
3.2.1. | AVL enable development of SOFC systems |
3.2.2. | Low temperature SOFCs |
3.2.3. | Kyocera's cylinder-plate fuel electrode supports |
3.2.4. | Automated operation learning system |
3.2.5. | 3D printing for SOFCs |
3.2.6. | Power generation from unused biomass resources |
3.2.7. | AMON Project |
4. | FUELS FOR SOFCS |
4.1. | Desire for emission-free fuels |
4.2. | Low carbon fuels for fuel cells |
4.3. | Classification of fuels by carbon emissions |
4.4. | Natural gas for SOFCs |
4.5. | Liquified natural gas (LNG) |
4.6. | Hydrogen economy |
4.7. | Colours of hydrogen |
4.8. | Hydrogen for SOFCs |
4.9. | Ammonia for SOFCs |
4.10. | Ammonia production - Haber Bosch |
4.11. | Ammonia production - Nitrogen electrolyser |
4.12. | Overview of e-fuels |
4.13. | Benchmarking volumetric energy density of SOFC fuels |
4.14. | Benchmarking carbon emissions of SOFC fuels |
4.15. | Normalized benchmarking of SOFC fuels |
4.16. | Commercial use of fuels in SOFCs |
5. | COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR SOFCS |
5.1. | SOFC for C&I applications |
5.2. | Worldwide energy demand growth |
5.3. | Data centres |
5.4. | Utilities - LCOE |
5.5. | LCOE from solid oxide fuel cells |
5.6. | Utilities case study: South Korea |
5.7. | Commercial case study: Walmart |
5.8. | Data case study: AT&T |
5.9. | Utilities case study 2: Mitsubishi Power |
5.10. | Integrated gasification fuel cell |
5.11. | Integrated gasification fuel cell (2) |
6. | MAIN PLAYERS FOR C&I APPLICATIONS |
6.1. | Bloom Energy |
6.1.1. | Bloom Energy - Overview |
6.1.2. | Bloom Energy - Technology |
6.1.3. | Bloom Energy - Installation Base |
6.1.4. | Bloom Energy - Financials |
6.1.5. | Bloom Energy - Financials Analysis |
6.1.6. | Bloom Energy - Example customers |
6.1.7. | Bloom Energy - Example customers (2) |
6.1.8. | Bloom-SK Fuel Cell |
6.1.9. | Bloom Energy - SWOT |
6.2. | Ceres Power & Partners |
6.2.1. | Ceres Power - Overview |
6.2.2. | Ceres Power - Technology |
6.2.3. | Ceres Power - Financials |
6.2.4. | Ceres Power - SWOT |
6.2.5. | Ceres Power & Partners |
6.2.6. | Ceres Power & Bosch/Weichai |
6.2.7. | Ceres Power & Miura |
6.2.8. | Ceres Power & Doosan |
6.2.9. | Ceres Power & BOSAL |
6.3. | Other Notable Players |
6.3.1. | Cummins - Overview |
6.3.2. | Cummins - Applications |
6.3.3. | Cummins - SWOT |
6.3.4. | Mitsubishi Power - Overview |
6.3.5. | Mitsubishi Power - Technology |
6.3.6. | Mitsubishi Power - SWOT |
6.3.7. | FuelCell Energy - Overview |
6.3.8. | FuelCell Energy - IGFC |
6.3.9. | FuelCell Energy - SWOT |
7. | RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR SOFCS |
7.1.1. | SOFC for residential applications |
7.1.2. | Incorporation with solar power |
7.1.3. | Modularity of systems |
7.1.4. | Feed-in tariffs (FiT) |
7.1.5. | Comparison with residential batteries |
7.1.6. | Outlook for residential SOFCs |
7.2. | Players offering residential and off-grid SOFCs |
7.2.1. | OxEon Energy |
7.2.2. | Upstart Power |
7.2.3. | Aris Renewable Energy |
7.2.4. | Edge autonomy |
7.2.5. | Osaka Gas |
7.2.6. | Sunfire fuel cells |
7.2.7. | Comparison of residential SOFCs |
8. | MARINE APPLICATIONS FOR SOFCS |
8.1. | Introduction to SOFCs for marine applications |
8.2. | Overview of policy drivers |
8.3. | The International Maritime Organization (IMO) |
8.4. | Emission control areas |
8.5. | Sulphur and nitrous oxide emissions |
8.6. | Traditional solutions: Scrubbers & speed reduction |
8.7. | Shifting emission policy focus |
8.8. | Marine CO2 emissions and targets |
8.9. | Reducing greenhouse gases: EEXI & CII |
8.10. | EU-specific policy |
8.11. | SOFC for marine |
8.12. | Fuel cell supplier market share 2019-2024 |
8.13. | Fuel cell deliveries by vessel type 2019-2024 |
8.14. | Average power of FC deliveries 2019-2024 |
8.15. | Solid oxide fuel cell players |
8.16. | Alma Clean Power |
8.17. | Bloom Energy |
8.18. | Ceres / Doosan |
8.19. | SOFC Barriers & future commentary |
8.20. | Comparison of commercial marine fuel cells |
9. | SOFC POWERED VEHICLES |
9.1. | Volkswagen |
9.2. | Nissan |
9.3. | Unmanned vehicles |
9.4. | Auxiliary power units |
9.5. | Outlook for SOFC powered vehicles |
10. | SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSIS |
10.1. | Electrolyzer systems overview |
10.2. | Electrolyzer systems comparison - Operating parameters |
10.3. | Pros and cons of electrolyzer technologies |
10.4. | SOEL Overview |
10.5. | SOEL Systems: A substitute for AWE? |
10.6. | Solid Oxide Electrolyzer: Introduction |
10.7. | Solid Oxide Electrolyzer efficiency |
10.8. | Reversible SOFC |
10.9. | SOEL Electrolyzers systems: Materials, specifics |
10.10. | SOEL Market |
10.11. | SOEL Supply chain |
10.12. | New high-temperature electrolysis technology |
11. | COMPANY PROFILES |
11.1. | Alma Clean Power |
11.2. | AVL |
11.3. | Bloom Energy |
11.4. | Ceres Power |
11.5. | Cummins |
11.6. | FuelCell Energy |
11.7. | OxEon Energy |
11.8. | SolydEra (SOLIDpower) |
11.9. | Edge Autonomy |
11.10. | Elcogen |
11.11. | HyAxiom |
11.12. | Osaka Gas |
11.13. | Redox Power Systems |
11.14. | Sunfire |
11.15. | Upstart Power |