1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Report Introduction |
1.2. | Alternative Fuels by Technology & Vessel |
1.3. | Solutions for Greenhouse Gas Regulations |
1.4. | Fuel Cells Technologies for Ships |
1.5. | Fuel Cell Deliveries for Vessels 2020 - 2033 (MW) |
1.6. | Marine Fuel Cell System Cost Outlook 2022 - 2033 ($/kW) |
1.7. | Fuel Cell Deliveries for Vessels 2020 - 2033 ($) |
1.8. | Average Power of FC Deliveries 2019 - 2024 |
1.9. | Fuel Cell Suppliers: Leaders & Challengers |
1.10. | Fuel Cell Supplier Market Share 2019 - 2024 |
1.11. | Fuel Cell Deliveries by Vessel Type 2019 - 2024 |
1.12. | Low Carbon Fuels for Fuel Cells |
1.13. | Quantitative Benchmarking of Low Carbon Fuels |
1.14. | Qualitative Benchmarking of Low Carbon Fuels |
1.15. | Efficiency Comparison: Battery, PEMFC, SOFC |
1.16. | Global Bunker Infrastructure in 2022: Ammonia, LNG, Hydrogen |
1.17. | Global Green Hydrogen Production |
1.18. | Green Hydrogen & Ammonia Production 2022-2030 (mn tonnes) |
1.19. | Green Ammonia Production Requirements in Marine |
1.20. | Green Hydrogen & Ammonia Bunker Price |
1.21. | Maritime Fuel Cell Funding |
1.22. | Fuel Cell Vessels Need Batteries |
1.23. | Company Profile Access - IDTechEx Online Portal |
2. | POLICY DRIVERS |
2.1. | Chapter Summary |
2.2. | The International Maritime Organization (IMO) |
2.3. | Emission Control Areas |
2.4. | Sulphur and Nitrous Oxide Emissions |
2.5. | Traditional Solutions: Scrubbers & Speed Reduction |
2.6. | Shifting Emission Policy Focus |
2.7. | Marine CO₂ Emissions and Targets |
2.8. | Reducing Greenhouse Gases: EEXI & CII |
2.9. | EU 'Fit for 55' |
2.10. | EU-Specific Policy |
2.11. | Solutions for Greenhouse Gas Regulations |
3. | FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES & MATERIALS |
3.1. | Overview of Fuel Cell Types |
3.2. | Fuel Cells Technologies for Ships |
4. | PEMFC TECHNOLOGY & MATERIALS |
4.1. | PEMFC Working Principle |
4.2. | PEMFC Assembly and Materials |
4.3. | High-temperature (HT) PEMFC |
4.4. | Role of the Gas Diffusion Layer |
4.5. | Hydrophobic coating for GDLs |
4.6. | GDL manufacturing process |
4.7. | Cellulosic fiber GDL: No MPL required |
4.8. | GDL Latest Research: Dual Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Behaviour |
4.9. | Bipolar Plates Overview |
4.10. | Bipolar Plate Assembly (BPA) |
4.11. | BPP Flow Fields |
4.12. | BPP Flow Field Selection |
4.13. | Important material parameters for BPPs |
4.14. | Materials for BPPs: Graphite vs metal |
4.15. | Coatings for metal BPPs |
4.16. | Coating choices for metal BPPs |
4.17. | Cost progression of BPAs |
4.18. | Toyota Fuel Cell |
4.19. | Water management in the FC |
4.20. | Latest trends for BPPs |
4.21. | Latest developments for BPPs: Loop Energy |
4.22. | Latest developments for BPPs: CoBiP project |
4.23. | Additional early-stage commercial developments for BPPs |
4.24. | Latest academic research for BPPs |
4.25. | Balance of plant for PEM fuel cells |
4.26. | Membrane: Purpose and form factor |
4.27. | Form factor of the membrane |
4.28. | Property benchmarking of proton exchange membranes |
4.29. | Market leading membrane material: Nafion |
4.30. | Synthesis of Nafion |
4.31. | Alternative membrane materials to Nafion |
4.32. | Gore manufacture MEAs |
4.33. | Metal-organic frameworks for membranes |
4.34. | Metal-organic frameworks for membranes: Academic research |
4.35. | Graphene in the membrane |
4.36. | Catalyst: Purpose and form factor |
4.37. | Trends for fuel cell catalysts |
4.38. | Increasing catalytic activity - alternative metals |
4.39. | Increasing catalytic activity - form factor |
4.40. | Reduction of catalyst poisoning |
4.41. | Reduction of cost of catalyst |
4.42. | Targets for reducing loading of catalytic materials in fuel cells |
4.43. | Key suppliers of catalysts for fuel cells |
4.44. | Recycling of the catalyst |
5. | SOFC TECHNOLOGY & MATERIALS |
5.1. | SOFC Overview |
5.2. | SOFC for Marine |
5.3. | SOFC Electrolyte |
5.4. | SOFC Anode & Cathode |
5.5. | Tubular SOFC Design |
5.6. | Planar SOFC Design |
5.7. | Sealing & Connecting Materials |
6. | FUEL CELL SUPPLIERS |
6.1. | Fuel Cell Suppliers: Leaders & Challengers |
6.2. | Fuel Cell Supplier Market Share 2019-2024 |
6.3. | Fuel Cell Deliveries by Vessel Type 2019-2024 |
6.4. | Average Power of FC Deliveries 2019-2024 |
6.5. | Ballard |
6.6. | Fuel Cell Integration |
6.7. | PowerCell |
6.8. | Nedstack |
6.9. | TECO 2030 (1) |
6.10. | TECO 2030 (2) |
6.11. | Corvus Energy |
6.12. | Toyota Fuel Cell Technology |
6.13. | Cummins/Hydrogenics |
6.14. | China Fuel Cell Suppliers |
6.15. | ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems |
6.16. | Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Players |
6.17. | Alma Clean Power |
6.18. | Bloom Energy |
6.19. | Ceres/ Doosan |
6.20. | SOFC Barriers & Future Commentary |
6.21. | Comparison of Commercial Marine Fuel Cells |
7. | FUEL CELL VESSEL PROJECT DATABASE |
7.1. | Fuel Cell Vessel Project Database (1) |
7.2. | Fuel Cell Vessel Project Database (2) |
7.3. | Fuel Cell Vessel Project Database (3) |
7.4. | Boundary Layer Technologies |
7.5. | Hydrofoiling Hydrogen Cargo Ship: Argo |
7.6. | Green City Ferries - LTO Battery / Fuel Cell Catamaran |
7.7. | E1 Marine - Onboard Hydrogen Generation using Methanol |
8. | LOW CARBON FUELS BENCHMARKING |
8.1. | Low Carbon Fuels for Fuel Cells |
8.2. | Alternative Fuels by Technology & Vessel |
8.3. | Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) Lifecycle Emissions |
8.4. | Environmental benefit of LNG |
8.5. | Overview of e-fuels |
8.6. | Carbon capture in marine vessels |
8.7. | The Hydrogen Economy |
8.8. | Hydrogen Sector Decarbonisation |
8.9. | The Colors of Hydrogen |
8.10. | Ammonia Production Process |
8.11. | Maritime Ammonia Vessel Projects |
8.12. | Energy Density Benchmarking of Fuels |
8.13. | Qualitative Benchmarking of Low Carbon Fuels |
8.14. | Efficiency Comparison: Battery, PEMFC, SOFC |
8.15. | Carbon Intensity Comparison of Fuels |
8.16. | LNG, Hydrogen & Ammonia Compared |
9. | BUNKER INFRASTRUCTURE, GREEN AMMONIA & GREEN HYDROGEN PRODUCTION |
9.1. | Bunkering Overview |
9.2. | Global Bunker Infrastructure: Ammonia, LNG, Hydrogen |
9.3. | Global Green Hydrogen Production |
9.4. | Hydrogen Policy & Targets by Country (1) |
9.5. | Hydrogen Policy & Targets by Country (2) |
9.6. | Hydrogen Policy & Targets by Country (3) |
9.7. | Global Hydrogen Policy & Targets |
9.8. | Global Hydrogen Policy Impacts (1) |
9.9. | Global Hydrogen Policy Impacts (2) |
9.10. | Green Hydrogen Production |
9.11. | Announced Green Hydrogen Production 2020-2030 (kT) |
9.12. | List of Major Hydrogen Project Announcements (1) |
9.13. | List of Major Hydrogen Project Announcements (2) |
9.14. | Announced Green Ammonia Production 2022-2030 (kT) |
9.15. | List of Major Green Ammonia Project Announcements (1) |
9.16. | Green Hydrogen & Ammonia Production Comparison by 2030 |
9.17. | Solar Capacity Additions |
9.18. | Wind Capacity Additions |
9.19. | Green Ammonia Production Requirements |
9.20. | Yara Clean Ammonia |
9.21. | Ammonia Bunkering in Scandinavia |
9.22. | Ammonia Bunkering in Australia |
9.23. | ZEEDs |
10. | GREEN HYDROGEN & AMMONIA COSTS & BUNKER PRICE |
10.1. | Hydrogen Cost Issues |
10.2. | 2021/22 Geopolitics |
10.3. | Maritime Fuel Prices |
10.4. | Green Hydrogen & Ammonia Bunker Price |
10.5. | 2022 impact on Hydrogen price |
10.6. | Green Ammonia Bunker Price |
10.7. | OPEX of Hydrogen Catamaran |
11. | FUNDING FOR HYDROGEN MARITIME |
11.1. | Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Funding Overview |
11.2. | Clean Hydrogen Joint Undertaking |
11.3. | Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (Superseded) |
11.4. | Flagships |
11.5. | ShipFC |
11.6. | Alma Clean Power |
11.7. | SH2IPDRIVE |
11.8. | IPCEI Hy2Tech |
12. | FORECASTS |
12.1. | Forecast Methodology |
12.2. | Fuel Cell Deliveries for Vessels 2020-2033 (MW) |
12.3. | Marine Fuel Cell System Cost Outlook 2022-2033 ($/kW) |
12.4. | Fuel Cell Deliveries for Vessels 2020-2033 ($) |
12.5. | Green Hydrogen Production |
12.6. | Announced Green Hydrogen Production 2020-2030 (kT) |
12.7. | Announced Green Ammonia Production 2022-2030 (kT) |
12.8. | Green Hydrogen & Ammonia Production Comparison by 2030 |
12.9. | Marine Battery Price Cost Curve |
12.10. | Average Power of FC Deliveries 2019-2024 |
12.11. | Maritime Fuel Cell Funding |
12.12. | Solar Capacity Additions |
12.13. | Wind Capacity Additions |
13. | COMPANY PROFILES |
13.1. | Alma Clean Power |
13.2. | Ballard |
13.3. | Boundary Layer Technologies |
13.4. | Corvus Energy: The Battery Leader Launching Fuel Cells |
13.5. | Freudenberg |
13.6. | Green City Ferries |
13.7. | Nedstack |
13.8. | PowerCell: Megawatt Fuel Cell Systems |