1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Energy Storage: a Li-ion Battery Led Market |
1.2. | Classification of Energy Storage Systems |
1.3. | RES and Battery Storage Targets Adoption |
1.4. | RES / Storage Targets by Country |
1.5. | Redox Flow Batteries Overview |
1.6. | The Impact of RES on the Electricity Grid |
1.7. | Overview of Ancillary Services |
1.8. | Business Models and Revenue Streams Overview |
1.9. | Revenue Streams Description |
1.10. | Residential Batteries Market Size |
1.11. | Residential Battery Chemistries |
1.12. | Global Battery Installations Forecast |
1.13. | FTM & BTM Market Forecast breakdown |
1.14. | Battery Energy Storage Development 2018-2022 |
1.15. | Global Trends |
1.16. | Global Trends |
1.17. | US Executive Summary |
1.18. | US States Storage and Targets Overview |
1.19. | California Overview |
1.20. | US Large Utility Battery Project |
1.21. | China Executive Summary |
1.22. | India Executive Summary |
1.23. | Japan Executive Summary |
1.24. | South Korea Executive Summary |
1.25. | Australia Executive Summary |
1.26. | Australia Storage Policy, Funding, and Renewables Targets |
1.27. | Victoria Big Battery |
1.28. | UK Executive Summary |
1.29. | Germany Executive Summary |
1.30. | Italy Executive Summary |
1.31. | Forecast Conclusions and Explanations |
1.32. | Forecast Conclusions and Explanations |
1.33. | Forecast Conclusions and Explanations |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Consumption of Electricity is Changing |
2.2. | Renewables are Leading the Power Source Changes |
2.3. | The Advantage of Energy Storage in the Power Grid |
2.4. | The Advantage of Energy Storage in the Power Grid |
2.5. | Stationary Storage Position in the Power Grid |
2.6. | Different Battery Sizes for Different Uses |
2.7. | Where Can Energy Storage Fit In? |
2.8. | Battery Storage System |
2.9. | Battery Storage Designed for Self Consumption |
3. | TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF BATTERIES AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES |
3.1. | Li-ion Batteries |
3.1.1. | Battery for Stationary Energy Storage: Overview |
3.1.2. | More Than One Type of Li-ion Battery |
3.1.3. | A Family Tree of Li Based Batteries |
3.1.4. | Differences Between Cell, Module, and Pack |
3.2. | Cathode Materials |
3.2.1. | Cathode Materials - NMC, NCA, and LMO |
3.2.2. | Cathode Materials - LCO and LFP |
3.2.3. | Cathode Suitability |
3.2.4. | Cathode Price Fluctuations |
3.2.5. | LFP or NMC for Stationary Storage? |
3.3. | Anode Materials |
3.3.1. | Anodes Compared 1 |
3.3.2. | Anodes Compared 2 |
3.3.3. | Where will LTO Play a Role? |
3.3.4. | IDTechEx's Li-ion Batteries Related Reports |
3.4. | Other Technologies |
3.4.1. | Redox Flow Batteries for Stationary Storage? |
3.4.2. | Lead-acid Batteries |
3.4.3. | Fuel Cell Limitations |
3.4.4. | High Potential ES Technologies: Overview |
3.4.5. | High Potential ES Technologies: Properties |
3.4.6. | High Potential ES Technologies: Properties Comparison |
3.4.7. | Comparison of Energy Storage Devices |
4. | STATIONARY ENERGY STORAGE: DRIVERS, BUSINESS MODELS, AND REVENUE STREAMS |
4.1. | Introduction to ES Drivers |
4.2. | ESS for Every Position in the Value Chain |
4.3. | Power Capacity VS. Discharge Duration |
5. | BUSINESS MODELS AND REVENUE STREAMS |
5.1. | Business Models and Revenue Streams Overview |
5.2. | Revenue Streams Overview |
5.3. | Revenue Streams Description |
5.4. | Power Purchase Agreements |
5.5. | Battery Storage and Flexibility Optimisation PPAs |
6. | BTM APPLICATION SUMMARIES |
6.1. | BTM Summary: Values Provided by Battery Storage - Customer Side |
6.2. | Virtual Power Plants |
6.3. | Virtual Power Plant Companies |
7. | RESIDENTIAL BATTERY STORAGE |
7.1. | The Importance of Residential Battery Storage |
7.2. | Key Technology Trends and Observations |
7.2.1. | Residential Batteries Market Size |
7.2.2. | Residential Market Players |
7.2.3. | Battery Chemistries for Residential Storage |
7.2.4. | LMO Chemistry Market Share |
7.2.5. | Residential Battery Capacities |
7.2.6. | Modular Residential Battery Designs |
7.2.7. | Residential Battery Price/kg & Energy Density |
7.2.8. | Outlier Explanations |
7.2.9. | Importance of Cycle Life for Residential Battery Suppliers |
7.2.10. | Residential Battery Warranties |
7.3. | Company Interviews and SWOT Analyses |
7.3.1. | E3/DC - IDTechEx Index Scoring |
7.3.2. | E3/DC |
7.3.3. | BSL Battery - IDTechEx Index Scoring |
7.3.4. | BSL Battery |
7.3.5. | SunPower |
7.3.6. | BYD |
7.3.7. | Sonnen |
7.3.8. | Eaton |
7.3.9. | Enphase |
7.3.10. | Sungrow |
7.3.11. | Senec GmbH Offer a Market-leading Cycle Life |
7.3.12. | Residential Batteries Summary |
8. | FTM APPLICATION SUMMARIES |
8.1. | FTM: Values Provided by Battery Storage in Ancillary Services |
8.2. | Ancillary Service Requirements |
8.3. | Frequency Regulation |
8.4. | Levels of Frequency Regulation |
8.5. | Load Following |
8.6. | Spinning and Non-spinning Reserve |
8.7. | Dynamic Containment (DC) |
8.8. | Stacking Revenues for Battery Storage Asset Owners |
8.9. | FTM: Values Provided by Battery Storage in Utility Services |
8.10. | Gas Peaker Plant Deferral |
8.11. | Off-grid and Remote Applications |
8.12. | Other Drivers |
8.13. | Concluding Remarks |
9. | ENERGY STORAGE PLAYERS: LARGE SCALE BESS FOCUS |
9.1.1. | Players Overview |
9.1.2. | ES Player Business Model Reminder |
9.1.3. | Energy Storage Integrators |
9.1.4. | Leading FTM and C&I Stationary Storage Players |
9.2. | Company Lists and Profiles |
9.2.1. | Storage, Solar, Utility, and Energy Companies |
9.2.2. | Global Players by Business Application |
9.2.3. | Global Players by Region HQ |
9.2.4. | Companies from Other Sectors Jumping In |
9.2.5. | Value Chain |
9.2.6. | Company Profiles (Hyperlinks) |
9.2.7. | Benchmark of IDTechEx Index Across Vendors |
9.3. | Other Notable Companies |
9.3.1. | Tesla's ESS Business |
9.3.2. | Tesla: Powerwall and Powerpack |
9.3.3. | Tesla: Major Powerpack Projects |
9.3.4. | Tesla: Megapack |
9.3.5. | BYD |
9.3.6. | BYD's Layout is Similar to Tesla's |
9.3.7. | Fluence 2022 Update |
9.3.8. | NextEra Energy Resources 2022 Update |
9.3.9. | Wärtsilä 2022 Update |
9.3.10. | Aggreko 2022 Update |
9.3.11. | Leclanché |
9.3.12. | Green Charge Networks |
9.3.13. | Green Mountain Power |
9.3.14. | Green Mountain Power's Innovation Strategy |
9.3.15. | Ampard and Fenecon |
9.3.16. | Stem |
10. | REGIONAL ANALYSIS |
10.1. | Introduction |
10.1.1. | Long-term Forecasting of New Technologies |
10.1.2. | Forecast Methodology |
10.1.3. | Global Battery Installation Forecast |
10.1.4. | Global Battery Installation Forecast (BTM & FTM) |
10.2. | Australia |
10.2.1. | Australia Summary |
10.2.2. | Australia's Grid-scale and Residential Storage Growth |
10.2.3. | Australia Energy Storage Targets, Policies, and Rules |
10.2.4. | Australia Storage Policy, Funding, and Renewables Targets |
10.2.5. | Other State Policies, Schemes, and Targets |
10.2.6. | Victoria's Neighbourhood Battery Initiative |
10.2.7. | Victoria's Neighbourhood Battery Initiative |
10.2.8. | Australia's Li-ion Gigafactory and Supply Chain |
10.2.9. | Victoria Big Battery |
10.2.10. | Tesla to Supply 300MWh of its Megapack BESS for Edify Energy |
10.2.11. | Australian Player Activity Summary |
10.2.12. | Australia Concluding Remarks |
10.2.13. | Australia Battery Installation Forecast |
10.3. | Japan |
10.3.1. | Introduction to the Japanese Energy Status |
10.3.2. | Japanese multiple approaches toward energy resiliency |
10.3.3. | A trend shift: Residential2012 - Utility2017 - Residential2022 |
10.3.4. | FiT phase out, driver for battery energy storage |
10.3.5. | Private households investing in Solar + Batteries |
10.3.6. | Peer-to-peer (P2P) residential energy trading |
10.3.7. | Tesla entering Japanese home battery market |
10.3.8. | Other approaches besides Home Batteries |
10.3.9. | Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) |
10.3.10. | Japan's grid-scale battery situation and project examples |
10.3.11. | Grid-scale batteries in Hokkaido |
10.3.12. | The "Basic Hydrogen Roadmap" |
10.3.13. | 10MW Fukushima Electrolyser |
10.3.14. | Japan: Concluding Remarks |
10.4. | South Korea |
10.4.1. | South Korea overview |
10.4.2. | Polluting more now, to pollute less later |
10.4.3. | Government approach toward ES system |
10.4.4. | Korea: Market Drivers |
10.4.5. | Korean Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) |
10.4.6. | South Korea's state of electricity generation and battery storage |
10.4.7. | South Korea: ESS developer market share |
10.4.8. | Reduced battery installations after 2018 |
10.4.9. | Battery fires in Korea |
10.4.10. | Causes of battery fires |
10.4.11. | Utility scale battery storage projects |
10.4.12. | South Korea: Concluding Remarks |
10.5. | India |
10.5.1. | India's commitment toward renewables |
10.5.2. | A lead-acid dominated industry |
10.5.3. | Battery storage and solar capacity trajectory under current circumstances |
10.5.4. | Battery Storage tenders and government push |
10.5.5. | India: Challenges, Predictions and Developments |
10.5.6. | The Indian Li-ion battery industry development |
10.5.7. | India's rooftop solar PV market and residential batteries situation |
10.5.8. | India Concluding Remarks |
10.5.9. | India Battery Installations Forecast |
10.6. | China |
10.6.1. | Chinese emissions target |
10.6.2. | Chinese power grid upgrade |
10.6.3. | China's Historic Energy Storage Deployments |
10.6.4. | Recent Regulation and Target Developments |
10.6.5. | China Energy Storage by Technology Split |
10.6.6. | China Concluding Remarks |
10.6.7. | China Battery Installations Forecast |
10.6.8. | China Forecast Assumptions |
10.7. | US overview |
10.7.1. | US States Storage and Targets Overview |
10.7.2. | US Electricity Costs |
10.7.3. | US Electricity Costs: Retail Price by State in 2020 (cents/kWh) |
10.7.4. | US Key Developments: Inflation Reduction Act |
10.7.5. | US Key Developments: American Energy Innovation Act |
10.7.6. | US Key Developments: FERC Order 2222 |
10.7.7. | FERC 2222 advantages for ES market |
10.7.8. | US Key Developments: FERC Order 841 |
10.7.9. | US: Anecdotes (1/3) |
10.7.10. | US: Anecdotes (2/3) |
10.7.11. | US: Anecdotes (3/3) |
10.7.12. | US Concluding Remarks |
10.7.13. | US Battery Installation Forecast |
10.8. | California overview |
10.8.1. | Large Utility Battery Projects (1/2) |
10.8.2. | Large Utility battery projects (2/2) |
10.8.3. | California home-batteries policies: SGIP |
10.8.4. | California home-batteries policies: NEM |
10.8.5. | California home battery market |
10.9. | Hawaii: 'The prototype state' |
10.9.1. | Hawaii clean energy initiative |
10.9.2. | Renewables + Storage are competitive with fossil fuels |
10.9.3. | Large Utility Battery Projects in O'ahu |
10.9.4. | Net Energy Metering (NEM) and its upgrade |
10.9.5. | Performance-based regulations & forecast |
10.10. | Virginia overview |
10.10.1. | Energy Storage Policy: Virginia |
10.10.2. | Energy Storage Policy: Virginia |
10.10.3. | Dominion Battery Project |
10.11. | New York overview |
10.11.1. | New York state moving toward Energy Storage |
10.11.2. | New York state energy storage roadmap |
10.11.3. | New York, and the largest installed battery - 2.5 GWh |
10.11.4. | New York Large Batteries Summary |
10.12. | South Carolina overview |
10.12.1. | South Carolina: Energy Freedom Act |
10.13. | Germany |
10.13.1. | Germany: the European 'California' |
10.13.2. | Structure and targets of the 'Energy Concept' |
10.13.3. | Germany overview |
10.13.4. | From coal to storage |
10.13.5. | Electricity grid upgrade |
10.13.6. | FTM in Germany |
10.13.7. | The German Energy Transition Emblem: 'BigBattery Lausitz' |
10.13.8. | GridBooster Project |
10.13.9. | RWE large batteries with hydropower |
10.13.10. | Innovation Auctions: 2020 & 2021 |
10.13.11. | BTM: Home batteries as a solution |
10.13.12. | Solar-plus-storage has reached cost parity |
10.13.13. | KfW bank subsidy |
10.13.14. | Further options, after the FiT |
10.13.15. | Home batteries in Germany |
10.13.16. | Residential, C&I and Grid Battery Summary |
10.13.17. | Germany Battery Installations Forecast |
10.14. | Italy |
10.14.1. | Italy Overview |
10.14.2. | The Italian Feed-in Tarif, and the new RES Decree |
10.14.3. | Italian Historical Feed-in tariff |
10.14.4. | Electricity Storage in Italy: VPP development |
10.14.5. | FCA V2G in Mirafiori |
10.14.6. | Italy: Home Batteries recession |
10.14.7. | Italy's growing solar installations |
10.14.8. | First Italian CO₂ 'battery' storage facility |
10.14.9. | Italy Concluding Remarks |
10.14.10. | Italy Battery Installation Forecast |
10.15. | United Kingdom |
10.15.1. | UK Renewable Energy Overview |
10.15.2. | FTM and BTM Overview |
10.15.3. | Capacity Markets: Explained |
10.15.4. | A step forward for clean energy sources |
10.15.5. | Capacity Market Update Timeline |
10.15.6. | Batteries lost value after BEIS de-rating |
10.15.7. | Storage de-rating factors |
10.15.8. | Revenue Stacking (1/3) |
10.15.9. | Revenue Stacking (2/3) |
10.15.10. | Revenue Stacking (3/3) |
10.15.11. | Large UK BESS Project Developments; 2022 |
10.15.12. | UK Residential Market |
10.15.13. | United Kingdom Residential & Grid Battery Summary |
10.15.14. | UK Battery Installation Forecast |
10.16. | Latin America |
10.16.1. | Latin America Energy Supply Overview |
10.16.2. | Chile and AES Andes lead the way |
10.16.3. | Other large developments |
10.17. | Africa |
10.17.1. | Africa Energy Overview |
11. | FORECASTS |
11.1. | Global Battery Installations Forecast |
11.2. | FTM & BTM Market Forecast (GWh) |
11.3. | FTM & BTM Market Forecast (US$B) |
11.4. | Australia Battery Installation Forecast |
11.5. | India Battery Installations Forecast |
11.6. | China Battery Installations Forecast |
11.7. | US Battery Installation Forecast |
11.8. | Germany Battery Installations Forecast |
11.9. | Italy Battery Installation Forecast |
11.10. | UK Battery Installation Forecast |
12. | COMPANY PROFILES |
12.1. | Aggreko |
12.2. | BSL Battery (Residential)) |
12.3. | E3/DC GmbH (Residential) |
12.4. | Electric Era |
12.5. | Engie Storage |
12.6. | Fluence |
12.7. | Kokam |
12.8. | Leclanché |
12.9. | Powin Energy |
12.10. | Schneider Electric |