1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | What is a metamaterial? |
1.2. | Segmenting the metamaterial landscape |
1.3. | Commercial metamaterial ecosystem is becoming established |
1.4. | Readiness levels of metamaterial technologies |
1.5. | Radio-frequency metamaterials: Overview |
1.6. | RF metamaterials: Applications and players |
1.7. | Value propositions of RF metamaterials applications (I) |
1.8. | Value propositions of RF metamaterials applications (II) |
1.9. | SWOT analysis of RF metamaterials applications (I) |
1.10. | SWOT analysis of RF metamaterials applications (II) |
1.11. | Current and potential market impact for RF metamaterials |
1.12. | Suitable materials for RF metamaterials by application |
1.13. | Key takeaways for RF metamaterials by application (I) |
1.14. | Key takeaways for RF metamaterials by application (II) |
1.15. | Optical metamaterials: Overview |
1.16. | Optical metamaterials: Applications and players |
1.17. | Value propositions of optical metamaterials across applications |
1.18. | SWOT assessment of optical metamaterial applications |
1.19. | Current and potential market impact for optical metamaterials |
1.20. | Identifying suitable materials for optical metamaterials by application |
1.21. | Key takeaways for optical metamaterials by application |
1.22. | Competing metamaterial manufacturing methodologies |
1.23. | Comparing metamaterial patterning methods |
1.24. | Application suitability for manufacturing methods: RF metamaterials |
1.25. | Application suitability for manufacturing methods: Optical metamaterials |
1.26. | Electromagnetic metamaterials: Annual revenue forecasts by metamaterial type, 2022-2043 |
1.27. | RF metamaterials: Annual revenue forecast by application, 2022-2043 |
1.28. | Optical metamaterials: Annual revenue forecast by application, 2022-2043 |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Metamaterials: An introduction |
2.2. | Common examples of metamaterials |
2.3. | Segmentation the metamaterial landscape by wavelength |
2.4. | Technology parallels between optical and electrical metamaterials |
2.5. | Metamaterials in the terahertz spectral region? |
2.6. | Research interest focuses on optical metamaterials |
2.7. | Readiness levels of metamaterial technologies |
2.8. | Commercial metamaterial ecosystem is becoming established |
2.9. | Passive vs active metamaterials |
2.10. | Supply chain security is risk for metamaterial adoption |
2.11. | Metamaterial design and intellectual property |
3. | MARKET FORECASTS |
3.1. | Introduction |
3.1.1. | Overview of forecast segments |
3.1.2. | Forecasts included in this report |
3.1.3. | Electromagnetic metamaterials: Annual revenue forecasts by metamaterial type, 2022-2043 |
3.2. | RF metamaterials: Forecasts |
3.2.1. | RF metamaterials: Annual revenue forecast by application, 2022-2043 |
3.2.2. | RF metamaterials: Surface area forecast by application, 2022-2043 |
3.2.3. | RF metamaterials: Unit forecast by application, 2022-2043 |
3.3. | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS): Forecasts |
3.3.1. | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in telecommunications: Forecasts segments |
3.3.2. | Passive RIS: Forecast methodologies |
3.3.3. | Passive RIS: Forecasts and key trends |
3.3.4. | Semi-passive RIS: Forecast methodologies |
3.3.5. | Semi-passive RIS: Forecasts and key trends |
3.3.6. | Semi-passive RIS: Assessment of forecasts |
3.3.7. | Active RIS: Forecast methodologies |
3.3.8. | Active RIS: Forecast, trends, and assessment |
3.4. | Automotive radar beamforming: Forecasts |
3.4.1. | Metamaterials in automotive radar beamforming: Forecast methodology and assumptions |
3.4.2. | Metamaterials in automotive radar: Forecasts and key trends |
3.5. | Medical sensing: Forecasts |
3.5.1. | Metamaterials for MRI enhancement: Forecast methodology |
3.5.2. | Metamaterials for MRI enhancement: Forecasts, key trends, and assessment |
3.5.3. | Metamaterials for non-invasive glucose monitoring: Forecast methodology |
3.5.4. | Metamaterials for non-invasive glucose monitoring: Forecasts and key trends |
3.6. | Optical metamaterials: Forecasts |
3.6.1. | Optical metamaterials: Annual revenue forecast by application, 2022-2043 |
3.6.2. | Optical metamaterials: Surface area by application, 2022-2043 |
3.6.3. | Optical metamaterials: Units by application, 2022-2043 |
3.7. | Metalenses: Forecasts |
3.7.1. | Metalenses in smartphones: Forecast methodology |
3.7.2. | Metalenses in smartphones: Forecasts and key trends |
3.8. | Metamaterials in lidar beamformers: Forecasts |
3.8.1. | Metamaterials in lidar beam-steering: Forecast methodology |
3.8.2. | Metamaterials in lidar beam-steering: Forecasts and key trends |
3.9. | Metamaterials in AR coatings: Forecasts |
3.9.1. | Metamaterial AR coatings for consumer electronics: Forecast methodology |
3.9.2. | Metamaterial AR coatings for consumer electronics: Forecasts and key trends |
3.9.3. | Metamaterial AR coatings in consumer electronics: Assessment of forecasts and assumptions |
3.9.4. | Metamaterial AR coatings on photovoltaics: Forecast methodology |
3.9.5. | Metamaterials in AR cells on solar cells: Forecasts, key trends, and assessment |
4. | RADIO-FREQUENCY METAMATERIALS |
4.1. | Introduction |
4.1.1. | Radio-frequency metamaterials: Introduction |
4.1.2. | RF metamaterials: Applications and players |
4.1.3. | Current and potential applications of RF metamaterials |
4.1.4. | Current and potential market impact for RF metamaterials |
4.1.5. | RF metamaterial demand in potential applications |
4.2. | Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) |
4.2.1. | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS): An introduction |
4.2.2. | High frequency telecommunications face significant challenges |
4.2.3. | Key drivers for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in telecommunications |
4.3. | RIS: Hardware |
4.3.1. | Typical RIS architecture |
4.3.2. | Passive, semi-passive, and active RIS |
4.3.3. | Materials and manufacturing for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces |
4.3.4. | Liquid crystal polymers (LCP) are a promising method for creating active metasurfaces |
4.3.5. | Comparing LCP and semiconductor RIS |
4.3.6. | Research history of metamaterials in RIS |
4.3.7. | Challenges for fully functionalized RIS environments |
4.4. | Applications and deployment |
4.4.1. | The current status of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) |
4.4.2. | NANOWEB is an example of passive RIS |
4.4.3. | Pivotal Commware develops holographic beamforming in semi-active RIS |
4.4.4. | Typical RIS applications in a wireless network |
4.4.5. | Major companies have shown interest in RIS |
4.4.6. | RISE-6G investigates use of metamaterials in wireless communications |
4.4.7. | mmWave-based RIS technology for coverage challenge from ZTE |
4.4.8. | Alcan Systems develops transparent liquid crystal phased array antennas |
4.5. | RIS: Summary |
4.5.1. | Commercial opportunities against readiness levels of RIS |
4.5.2. | Commercial opportunities against readiness levels of RIS |
4.5.3. | Metamaterials in RIS: SWOT |
4.5.4. | Porter's five forces analysis of RIS |
4.5.5. | RIS: Conclusions |
4.6. | Radar |
4.6.1. | Metamaterials in radar: Introduction |
4.6.2. | Radar requirements depend on the application |
4.6.3. | Commercial opportunities against value proposition of metamaterials in radar |
4.6.4. | Related IDTechEx report: Automotive radar |
4.7. | Metamaterials for beam-steering/beam-forming |
4.7.1. | Beamforming today is achieved through phased array antennas |
4.7.2. | Metamaterial beamforming: Propositions and limitations |
4.7.3. | Improving angular resolution is a major driver for metamaterial beamforming |
4.7.4. | Metawave performs analogue beamforming through metamaterials |
4.7.5. | Metawave: Value proposition and partnerships |
4.7.6. | Echodyne looks to supplement phased array antennas |
4.7.7. | Echodyne provides radars for security and aerospace |
4.7.8. | Greenerwave uses relatively large features to reduce manufacturing requirements |
4.7.9. | Metamaterials are not the only method to improve angular resolution |
4.7.10. | Benchmarking metamaterial beamforming radars against industry representatives |
4.7.11. | Automotive radar and RIS share similar core technological requirements |
4.7.12. | Metamaterials in radar beamforming: SWOT |
4.7.13. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterial radar beamformers |
4.7.14. | Radar beamforming: Conclusions |
4.8. | Metamaterials in radomes |
4.8.1. | Possible functionalities of metamaterials in radome design |
4.8.2. | Metamaterials in radomes: Introduction |
4.8.3. | Metamaterial radomes: Commercial status |
4.8.4. | Metamaterial radomes: Potential opportunities |
4.8.5. | Comparison of metamaterial radomes across multiple dimensions |
4.8.6. | Metamaterials in radomes: SWOT |
4.8.7. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterials in radomes |
4.8.8. | Metamaterials in radomes: Conclusions |
4.9.1. | Metamaterials in EMI shielding: Introduction |
4.9.2. | Potential functionalities of metamaterials in EMI shielding |
4.9.3. | Commercial opportunities against value proposition of metamaterials in EMI shielding |
4.9.4. | Transparent EMI shielding with metamaterials |
4.9.5. | Metamaterials in EMI shielding: SWOT |
4.9.6. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterials in EMI shielding |
4.9.7. | Metamaterials in EMI shielding: Conclusions |
4.9.8. | Metamaterials for MRI enhancement |
4.9.9. | Metamaterials for MRI: Introduction |
4.9.10. | MRI enhancement through flexible metamaterials |
4.9.11. | Metamaterial antennas for MRI: An EU research project |
4.9.12. | Commercial status of metamaterials in MRI |
4.9.13. | Metamaterials in MRI imaging: SWOT |
4.9.14. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterials in MRI imaging |
4.9.15. | Metamaterials in MRI enhancement: Conclusions |
4.9.16. | Metamaterials for non-invasive glucose monitoring |
4.9.17. | Non-invasive glucose monitoring: Introduction |
4.9.18. | Meta Materials Inc acquires Mediwise to enter the glucose monitoring market |
4.9.19. | Mediwise patents use of anti-reflective metamaterials in non-invasive glucose sensing |
4.9.20. | When will non-invasive glucose monitoring be commercialised? |
4.9.21. | Challenges associated with optical and RF-based methods of non-invasive glucose sensing |
4.9.22. | The potential of metamaterials in non-invasive glucose sensing |
4.9.23. | Metamaterials in non-invasive glucose sensing: SWOT |
4.9.24. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterials in non-invasive glucose sensing |
4.9.25. | Metamaterials in non-invasive glucose sensing: Conclusions |
4.9.26. | Related IDTechEx reports covering non-invasive glucose sensing |
4.9.27. | Materials for RF metamaterials |
4.9.28. | Materials selection for RF metamaterials: Introduction |
4.9.29. | Operational frequency ranges by application |
4.9.30. | Comparing relevant substrate materials at low frequencies |
4.9.31. | Suitable materials for RF metamaterials by application |
5. | OPTICAL METAMATERIALS |
5.1. | Introduction |
5.1.1. | Optical metamaterials: An introduction |
5.1.2. | Optical metamaterials: Applications and players |
5.1.3. | Current and potential applications of optical metamaterials |
5.1.4. | Current and potential market impact for optical metamaterials |
5.1.5. | Many applications of optical metamaterials are a manufacturer "push" |
5.1.6. | Optical metamaterial demand in potential applications |
5.2. | Optical filters |
5.2.1. | Metamaterials as EM filters: Introduction |
5.2.2. | Bragg reflectors are an established example of 1D metamaterials |
5.2.3. | Anti-reflection coatings (ARCs): Introduction |
5.2.4. | 1D metamaterials in anti-reflection coatings |
5.2.5. | Metamaterial ARCs are established in specific applications |
5.2.6. | Comparing metamaterial anti-reflection coatings with conventional anti-reflection coatings |
5.2.7. | Assessing the suitability of metamaterial ARCs in various commercial applications |
5.2.8. | Laser glare protection via holographic notch filters |
5.2.9. | Comparing metamaterial filters with conventional filter lenses |
5.2.10. | SWOT analysis of metamaterial filters |
5.2.11. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterials in optical filters |
5.2.12. | Metamaterial optical filters: Conclusions |
5.3. | Metamaterial lenses (metalenses) |
5.3.1. | Metamaterial lenses: Introduction |
5.3.2. | Metamaterial lenses: Drivers and challenges |
5.3.3. | BAE Systems provided an early example of flat metalenses |
5.3.4. | Negative refractive index forms the basis of sub-wavelength imaging |
5.3.5. | Applications for metalenses/metasurfaces |
5.3.6. | Metalenz launches commercial metalenses using existing semiconductor manufacturing methods |
5.3.7. | Metalenz: Technology and applications |
5.3.8. | Metalenz's first commercial metalens |
5.3.9. | Metalenz patents a method for speckle reduction |
5.3.10. | Chromatic aberration is a problem for metalenses |
5.3.11. | Tunoptix aims to resolve chromatic aberration in metalenses |
5.3.12. | Tunoptix patents methods to create achromatic metasurface lenses |
5.3.13. | Metamaterial lenses: SWOT analysis |
5.3.14. | Porter's five forces analysis of the metalens market |
5.3.15. | Metamaterial lenses: Conclusions |
5.3.16. | Related IDTechEx reports on AR/VR |
5.4. | LiDAR beam steering |
5.4.1. | LiDAR beam steering: Introduction |
5.4.2. | Metamaterial lidars: Drivers |
5.4.3. | Overview of LiDAR beam steering technologies |
5.4.4. | Metamaterials in LiDAR beam steering |
5.4.5. | Lidar steering system: OPA |
5.4.6. | Liquid crystal lidar |
5.4.7. | Lumotive is developing metamaterial-based LiDAR beam steering technology |
5.4.8. | Lumotive's patents cover a method of suppressing side lobes |
5.4.9. | Comparison of lidar product parameters |
5.4.10. | Automotive lidar: Requirements |
5.4.11. | Benchmarking metasurface beam-steering LiDAR against industry representatives |
5.4.12. | Analysis of OPA-based lidars |
5.4.13. | Metamaterials in LiDAR beam steering: SWOT analysis |
5.4.14. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterials in LiDAR |
5.4.15. | Metamaterial LiDARs: Conclusions |
5.4.16. | Related IDTechEx report on LiDAR |
5.5. | Materials selection for optical metamaterials |
5.5.1. | Materials selection for optical metamaterials: Introduction |
5.5.2. | Optical metamaterials require large band gaps |
5.5.3. | Transparency ranges of relevant materials |
5.5.4. | Comparing refractive indices and band gaps of relevant materials |
5.5.5. | Identifying suitable materials for optical metamaterials by application |
6. | MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR METAMATERIALS |
6.1. | Introduction |
6.1.1. | Competing patterning methodologies |
6.1.2. | Wet etching: The conventional method of manufacturing RF metamaterials |
6.1.3. | Wet etching: Advantages and disadvantages |
6.1.4. | Dry phase patterning removes sustainable hurdles associated with wet etching |
6.1.5. | Dry phase patterning: Advantages and disadvantages |
6.1.6. | Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing offers scalable, large area manufacturing |
6.1.7. | Roll-to-roll printing: Advantages and disadvantages |
6.1.8. | Meta Materials Inc develop rolling mask lithography |
6.1.9. | Rolling mask lithography: Advantages and disadvantages |
6.1.10. | Roll-to-plate exists complementary to roll-to-roll and wafer-scale methods |
6.1.11. | Roll-to-plate nanoimprint lithography: Advantages and disadvantages |
6.1.12. | Atomic layer deposition is highly precise, but difficult to scale |
6.1.13. | Atomic layer deposition: Advantages and disadvantages |
6.1.14. | Laser ablation offers good resolution and is scalable |
6.1.15. | Laser ablation: Advantages and disadvantages |
6.1.16. | Extreme UV lithography (EUVL) is well-established and suitable for certain optical metamaterials |
6.1.17. | EUVL: Advantages and disadvantages |
6.1.18. | Comparing various manufacturing methods |
6.2. | Manufacturing methods for RF metamaterials |
6.2.1. | Manufacturing RF metamaterials: Introduction |
6.2.2. | RF metamaterials: Suitable manufacturing methods for each application |
6.2.3. | Manufacturing requirements for RF metamaterials in the short-to-medium term |
6.2.4. | Manufacturing requirements for RF metamaterials in the medium-to-long term |
6.2.5. | RF metamaterials manufacturing: Key takeaways |
6.3. | Manufacturing methods for optical metamaterials |
6.3.1. | Manufacturing optical metamaterials: Introduction |
6.3.2. | Manufacturing requirements for optical metamaterials |
6.3.3. | Optical metamaterials: Suitable manufacturing methods for each application |
6.3.4. | Roll-to-roll printing for optical metamaterials is proven, but not established |
6.3.5. | Optical metamaterial manufacturing: Key takeaways |
7. | COMPANY PROFILES |
7.1. | Alcan Systems |
7.2. | DroneShield |
7.3. | Echodyne |
7.4. | Evolv Technology |
7.5. | Fractal Antenna Systems |
7.6. | Greenerwave |
7.7. | Inkspace Imaging |
7.8. | Kymeta |
7.9. | Lumotive |
7.10. | Meta Materials Inc |
7.11. | Metalenz |
7.12. | Metawave |
7.13. | Morphotonics |
7.14. | Pivotal Commware |
7.15. | Plasmonics Inc |
7.16. | Radi-Cool |