1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Executive introduction |
1.2. | Use cases of sequencing |
1.3. | Key industry drivers for sequencing |
1.4. | Sequencing instrument roadmap |
1.5. | Comparing sequencing methods |
1.6. | Technological drivers for sequencing |
1.7. | Challenges of DNA sequencing |
1.8. | DNA sequencing instrument market |
1.9. | Barriers of entry to the DNA instrument market |
1.10. | Potential differentiating factors for sequencing |
1.11. | NGS: notable technology trends and developments |
1.12. | Potential improvements to nanopore sequencers |
1.13. | Developmental trends for NGS and third-generation sequencing |
1.14. | Key players in DNA sequencing by business model |
1.15. | Requirements of sequencing platforms in different applications |
1.16. | DNA sequencing services |
1.17. | Market breakdown by segment and players |
1.18. | Global DNA sequencing revenue by market segment (2014-2033) |
1.19. | DNA sequencing forecast revenue by market segment (2022-2033) |
1.20. | Global revenue by sequencing device generation (2014-2033) |
1.21. | Forecast revenue by sequencing device generation |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | What is DNA? |
2.2. | DNA sequencing |
2.3. | DNA sequencing: timeline |
2.4. | The history of the sequencing market |
2.5. | The Human Genome Project |
2.6. | Costs of DNA sequencing have fallen dramatically |
2.7. | Use cases of sequencing |
2.8. | Key industry drivers for sequencing |
2.9. | Technological drivers for sequencing |
2.10. | Challenges of DNA sequencing |
3. | TECHNOLOGIES IN DNA SEQUENCING |
3.1.1. | Sequencing instrument roadmap |
3.2. | First generation sequencing |
3.2.1. | First-generation sequencing: Sanger sequencing |
3.2.2. | Key players in Sanger sequencing |
3.2.3. | SCIEX/Danaher |
3.2.4. | Thermo Fisher Scientific |
3.2.5. | Sanger sequencing: Outlook |
3.3. | Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) |
3.3.1. | Next-generation sequencing (NGS): introduction |
3.4. | Sequencing-by-synthesis |
3.4.1. | NGS approaches: Sequencing-by-synthesis |
3.4.2. | Illumina |
3.4.3. | Illumina: workflow |
3.4.4. | Cluster generation |
3.4.5. | Reversible terminator sequencing |
3.4.6. | Illumina: Sequencing platforms |
3.4.7. | Pyrosequencing: process |
3.4.8. | Qiagen |
3.4.9. | Roche: Efforts in DNA sequencing |
3.4.10. | Proton detection sequencing: process |
3.4.11. | Thermo Fisher: Ion Torrent |
3.4.12. | ISFET sensors in Ion Torrent chips |
3.4.13. | Element Biosciences |
3.4.14. | Element Biosciences: Technology |
3.4.15. | Ultima Genomics |
3.4.16. | Ultima Genomics: Technology |
3.4.17. | Ultima Genomics: Chemistry |
3.4.18. | GenapSys: a cautionary tale of sequencing start-ups |
3.5. | Sequencing-by-ligation |
3.5.1. | NGS approaches: Sequencing-by-ligation |
3.5.2. | Applied Biosystems/Thermo Fisher: SOLiD (I) |
3.5.3. | Applied Biosystems/Thermo Fisher: SOLiD (II) |
3.5.4. | Nanoball sequencing |
3.5.5. | BGI Genomics: DNBSEQ |
3.6. | Third generation sequencing |
3.6.1. | Third generation sequencing |
3.6.2. | Single molecule real-time sequencing: introduction |
3.6.3. | Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) |
3.6.4. | PacBio: Workflow |
3.6.5. | PacBio: SWOT analysis |
3.6.6. | Nanopore sequencing: overview |
3.6.7. | Structure of a nanopore sequencer |
3.6.8. | Why is nanopore sequencing important? |
3.6.9. | Nanopore sequencing: operational principle |
3.6.10. | Adaptive sampling |
3.6.11. | Patent and research trends in nanopore sequencing |
3.7. | Biological nanopores |
3.7.1. | Biological nanopores: composition |
3.7.2. | Comparison of protein characteristics |
3.7.3. | Biological nanopores: Manufacturing methods |
3.7.4. | Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Overview |
3.7.5. | Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Patents |
3.7.6. | Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Business model |
3.7.7. | Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Products |
3.7.8. | Roche |
3.7.9. | Genia Technologies: Technology and patents |
3.7.10. | Stratos Genomics: Technology and patents |
3.7.11. | Qitan Technology |
3.7.12. | Biological nanopores: strengths and weaknesses |
3.8. | Solid-state nanopores |
3.8.1. | Solid-state nanopores: overview |
3.8.2. | Graphene nanopores |
3.8.3. | Manufacturing methods: nanopore fabrication |
3.8.4. | Manufacturing method: membrane thinning |
3.8.5. | Comparison of manufacturing techniques |
3.8.6. | Controlled dielectric breakdown shows several advantages over focused beam etching |
3.8.7. | Hitachi |
3.8.8. | Hitachi: patents |
3.8.9. | What is stopping solid-state nanopores? |
3.8.10. | IBM: DNA transistor |
3.9. | Alternative structures for nanopore sequencers |
3.9.1. | The motivation for alternative approaches to nanopore sequencing |
3.9.2. | Plasmonic nanopores (I) |
3.9.3. | Plasmonic nanopores (II) |
3.9.4. | Base4 Innovation |
3.9.5. | Hybrid nanopores: overview |
3.9.6. | Sequencing by electronic tunnelling/SBET (I) |
3.9.7. | Sequencing by electronic tunnelling/SBET (II) |
3.9.8. | Nabsys: genome mapping via nanochannels |
3.9.9. | Nabsys: Technology |
3.9.10. | Field effect transistor (FET) - based nanopores |
3.9.11. | iNanoBio |
3.9.12. | Research trends in alternative nanopore structures |
3.9.13. | Technological readiness levels |
3.9.14. | Is it necessary to go beyond conventional nanopores? |
3.9.15. | Accuracy and reproducibility |
3.9.16. | Can alternative nanopore structures solve the reproducibility problem? |
3.10. | Computational data analysis in nanopore sequencing |
3.10.1. | The importance of machine learning in nanopore sequencing |
3.10.2. | Basecallers: networks and components |
3.10.3. | Basecallers: current and future status |
3.10.4. | Basecallers: Training |
3.10.5. | Basecaller algorithms: Segmentation |
3.10.6. | Hidden Markov Models: Introduction |
3.10.7. | Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN): Introduction |
3.10.8. | Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Guppy |
3.10.9. | Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN): Introduction |
3.10.10. | Basecallers: timeline |
3.10.11. | Why are there so many open-source basecallers? |
3.10.12. | Basecallers: benchmarking* |
3.10.13. | Nanocall |
3.10.14. | BasecRAWller |
3.10.15. | Chiron |
3.10.16. | The advantages of open-source |
3.10.17. | Post-sequencing correction |
3.10.18. | Nanopolish |
3.10.19. | The compromise between speed and accuracy |
3.10.20. | Other IDTechEx reports on AI in healthcare |
3.11. | Technology: Discussions |
3.11.1. | A comparison of sequencing instruments (I) |
3.11.2. | A comparison of sequencing instruments (II) |
3.11.3. | Comparing sequencing methods |
3.11.4. | The importance of cost and accuracy |
3.11.5. | Developmental trends for NGS and third-generation sequencing |
3.11.6. | Identifying business strategies by analysis of CAPEX and throughput |
3.11.7. | Use of each sequencing platform in research |
3.11.8. | Historic revenue and market share by device generation |
3.11.9. | Third-generation sequencing: comparisons |
3.11.10. | Potential improvements to nanopore sequencers |
3.11.11. | Market share of sequencing instruments |
3.11.12. | Illumina: patent expiry and litigation |
3.11.13. | Is a major market shakeup approaching? |
4. | DNA SEQUENCING: MARKETS |
4.1. | Business models |
4.1.1. | Key players in DNA sequencing by business model |
4.1.2. | Consumables form the bulk of the sequencing market |
4.1.3. | Hardware for supporting the sequencing process |
4.1.4. | DNA barcoding: an introduction |
4.1.5. | 10x Genomics |
4.1.6. | DNA sequencing services |
4.1.7. | Sequencing-as-a-service (SaaS) |
4.1.8. | Macrogen |
4.1.9. | Novogene |
4.1.10. | AGTC Genomics |
4.1.11. | Certification programs for SaaS providers |
4.1.12. | Genotyping |
4.1.13. | Direct-to-consumer (DTC) tests |
4.1.14. | 23andMe |
4.2. | DNA sequencing: applications |
4.2.1. | Sequencing in research |
4.2.2. | The route to healthcare adoption |
4.2.3. | DNA sequencing in molecular diagnostics (MDx) |
4.2.4. | Current and potential impact of DNA sequencing across the diagnostics market |
4.2.5. | Cancer research and oncology |
4.2.6. | Companion diagnostics (CDx) in cancer treatment |
4.2.7. | A list of FDA-approved sequencing-based CDx tests |
4.2.8. | GRAIL: early cancer detection through DNA sequencing |
4.2.9. | Important considerations for sequencing in oncology |
4.2.10. | Pharmacogenomics |
4.2.11. | Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) |
4.2.12. | NIPT: Usage and regulations |
4.2.13. | US regulations for diagnostics: CLIA categorizations |
4.2.14. | DNA sequencing for infectious disease diagnosis |
4.2.15. | Requirements for disease diagnosis |
4.2.16. | Public health through population genomics |
4.2.17. | Population genomics projects |
4.2.18. | Disease outbreak surveillance |
4.2.19. | Related IDTechEx reports |
4.2.20. | DNA sequencing in food safety |
4.2.21. | Drug discovery |
4.2.22. | DNA sequencing in cell and gene therapy |
4.2.23. | Forensics |
4.2.24. | Verogen |
4.2.25. | Crop biotechnology |
4.2.26. | Genetic engineering in agriculture |
4.2.27. | The scope of synthetic biology is vast |
4.2.28. | Related IDTechEx reports |
4.2.29. | DNA digital data storage: introduction |
4.2.30. | GenScript Biotech Corporation |
4.2.31. | DNA digital data storage: opportunities and challenges |
4.3. | DNA sequencing markets: Discussion |
4.3.1. | Barriers of entry to the DNA instrument market |
4.3.2. | Potential differentiating factors for sequencing |
4.3.3. | Requirements of sequencing platforms in different applications |
4.3.4. | Illumina: a case study |
4.3.5. | Implications of Illumina's first mover advantage |
4.3.6. | Illumina: applications for each platform |
4.3.7. | Illumina: efforts in the sequencing market. |
4.3.8. | Market breakdown by segment and players |
4.3.9. | The potential for sequencing-as-a-service |
5. | FORECASTS |
5.1. | Forecast methodology |
5.2. | Global DNA sequencing revenue by market segment (2014-2033) |
5.3. | Historic DNA sequencing revenue by market segment (2014-2021) |
5.4. | DNA sequencing forecast revenue by market segment (2022-2033) |
5.5. | Global revenue by sequencing device generation (2014-2033) |
5.6. | Forecast revenue by sequencing device generation |
5.7. | Contact IDTechEx |