1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Types of Joining Materials |
1.2. | Benefits of ECAs |
1.3. | Drawbacks of ECAs |
1.4. | SWOT analysis of ECAs |
1.5. | Types of ECA manufacturers |
1.6. | Applications of ECAs |
1.7. | Common Materials choices for ECAs |
1.8. | Key properties of ECAs |
1.9. | ICAs and ACAs |
1.10. | The future of ICAs and ACAs |
1.11. | Which manufacturers create which products? |
1.12. | Usage of different filler materials |
1.13. | Usage of different Resins |
1.14. | Types of Innovation in ECAs |
1.15. | Overview of applications |
1.16. | ECA Adoption for Multiple Applications |
1.17. | Roadmap: Emerging applications for ECAs |
1.18. | Specialisation of ECAs |
1.19. | Global ECA market forecast by type of ECA |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | What are Electrically Conductive Adhesives? |
2.1.1. | Types of Joining Materials |
2.1.2. | Structure of Electrically Conductive Adhesives |
2.1.3. | Schematic of Interconnects |
2.1.4. | Benefits of ECAs |
2.1.5. | Drawbacks of ECAs |
2.1.6. | The cost of ECAs |
2.1.7. | SWOT analysis of ECAs |
2.2. | Market Analysis |
2.2.1. | Types of ECA manufacturers |
2.2.2. | ECA manufacturer overview |
2.2.3. | Major Multinational Suppliers: Summary |
2.2.4. | Mid-Sized Suppliers: Summary |
2.2.5. | Small Boutique Suppliers: Summary |
2.2.6. | Market fragmentation |
2.2.7. | Investigating the market leader: Henkel |
2.2.8. | Customisablity of ECAs |
2.2.9. | Summary of differences between large and small suppliers |
2.3. | An overview of applications of Electrically Conductive Adhesives (ECAs) |
2.3.1. | Applications of ECAs |
2.3.2. | Summary of Pros and Cons for Various Applications |
2.3.3. | Summary of Pros and Cons for Various Applications |
2.4. | Overview of materials and properties of ECAs |
2.4.1. | Finding the Correct Formulation |
2.4.2. | Key Statistics for ECA choice |
2.4.3. | Common Materials choices for ECAs |
2.4.4. | Key properties of ECAs |
2.5. | An overview of conductive joining technologies |
2.5.1. | Lead based solder |
2.5.2. | Wave and Reflow soldering |
2.5.3. | The need to replace lead based solders |
2.5.4. | Alternate conductive joining technologies |
2.5.5. | Taxonomy of conductive joining materials |
2.5.6. | Principles of Electrically Conductive Adhesives |
2.5.7. | Typical properties of ECAs versus lead based solders |
2.5.8. | ECAs: pros and cons |
2.5.9. | Silver Sintering |
2.5.10. | Silver Sintering: pros and cons |
2.5.11. | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering |
2.5.12. | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering: pros and cons |
2.5.13. | Non-lead based solders |
2.5.14. | Common lead free solder systems |
2.5.15. | Novel soldering systems |
2.5.16. | NovaCentrix: Photonic soldering |
2.5.17. | SAFI-Tech: Low temperature full metal interconnects with liquid metal solder microcapsules |
2.5.18. | Non-lead based solders: pros and cons |
2.5.19. | Comparison of die attach techniques |
2.5.20. | The lack of a "one-size fits all" technique |
3. | ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVITY |
3.1.1. | ICAs and ACAs |
3.1.2. | Pros and Cons of ACAs (compared to ICAs) |
3.1.3. | The future of ICAs and ACAs |
3.1.4. | Global ECA market forecast by type of ECA |
3.1.5. | Global ECA forecast by proportion of ECA type |
3.1.6. | Films vs pastes |
3.1.7. | Which manufacturers create which products? |
3.2. | Isotropically conductive adhesives (ICAs) |
3.2.1. | Isotropically conductive adhesives |
3.2.2. | Percolation threshold |
3.2.3. | Underfill |
3.2.4. | Global ICA market forecast by Application sector |
3.3. | Anisotropically conductive adhesives (ACAs) |
3.3.1. | Anisotropically conductive adhesives |
3.3.2. | Fundamentals of ACAs |
3.3.3. | Schematic showing the procedure required to form an anisotropically conductive joint |
3.3.4. | Global ACP market forecast by Application sector |
3.3.5. | Global ACF market forecast by Application sector |
4. | THE CONDUCTIVE FILLER |
4.1.1. | Filler materials overview |
4.1.2. | Usage of different filler materials |
4.1.3. | Company approaches to different filler materials |
4.1.4. | Filler materials selection |
4.2. | Properties required of the conductive filler |
4.2.1. | Intrinsic properties required of the conductive filler |
4.2.2. | Extrinsic properties of the filler materials |
4.3. | Filler material options |
4.3.1. | Filler Materials Choices - Conventional Metals |
4.3.2. | Filler Materials properties in ECAs |
4.3.3. | Silver migration |
4.3.4. | Costs of Silver and Gold |
4.3.5. | Filler materials choices - Metal Alternatives |
4.4. | Filler material morphology |
4.4.1. | Availability of different filler morphologies |
4.4.2. | Filler materials morphology |
4.4.3. | Anisotropic connections via particle morphology |
4.4.4. | Conductive metal coatings |
4.4.5. | Types of bulk core |
4.4.6. | Protective polymer coatings |
4.4.7. | Polymer filler and protective coat |
5. | THE STRUCTURAL RESIN |
5.1.1. | Resin Materials Overview |
5.1.2. | Usage of different Resins |
5.1.3. | Company approaches to different resin materials |
5.1.4. | Resin materials selection |
5.2. | Properties required of the resin material |
5.2.1. | Fundamentals of polymer chain chemistry |
5.2.2. | Thermoplastics and thermosets |
5.2.3. | Properties for the Polymer Resin |
5.2.4. | Properties of the filler materials |
5.3. | Resin material options |
5.3.1. | Matrix Materials Choices |
5.3.2. | Matrix Materials properties in ECAs |
6. | UTILISATION OF ECAS: A STEP BY STEP PROCESS |
6.1.1. | Overview of the application process |
6.2. | Application techniques for ECAs |
6.2.1. | Application techniques |
6.2.2. | Dispensing |
6.2.3. | Screen Printing |
6.2.4. | Inkjetting |
6.3. | Curing of ECAs |
6.3.1. | The Importance of Curing |
6.3.2. | Hierarchy of conductive joining materials |
6.3.3. | Thermal Cure |
6.3.4. | Issues with curing |
6.3.5. | Non-thermal curing (2 component systems) |
6.3.6. | Time and Temperature relations in curing |
6.3.7. | Cure Schedule and Adhesive Properties |
6.3.8. | Temperature profiles during curing |
6.3.9. | Polymer TTT curve |
6.4. | Storage of ECAs |
6.4.1. | Shelf life, Pot Life and Work Life |
6.4.2. | Storage and refrigeration of ECAs |
6.5. | Component design and testing with ECAs |
6.5.1. | Component termination design |
6.5.2. | Optical inspection and testing of ECA connections |
6.5.3. | Alternate inspection and testing of ECA connections |
6.5.4. | Rework and repair of joints |
6.5.5. | Replacement of joints |
6.6. | Failure Methods of ECAs |
6.6.1. | Failure mechanisms of ECAs |
6.6.2. | Resin Driven Failure Mechanisms |
6.6.3. | Non - Resin Driven Failure Mechanisms |
7. | EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN ECAS |
7.1.1. | Types of Innovation in ECAs |
7.1.2. | Major Multinational Suppliers: Innovation and Development |
7.1.3. | Mid-Sized Suppliers: Innovation and Development |
7.1.4. | Smaller Boutique Suppliers: Innovation and Development |
7.1.5. | Summary of Different Technical Innovations |
7.1.6. | Readiness level: Component attachment materials |
7.2. | Emerging Technologies in Isotropically Conductive Adhesives (ICAs) |
7.2.1. | Innovations in ICAs |
7.2.2. | Summary of Technologies in ICA |
7.2.3. | ICA films |
7.2.4. | The benefits of Isotropic Conductive Films (ICF) |
7.2.5. | The future of ICF |
7.2.6. | Semi-Sintering ICA pastes |
7.2.7. | Metal / Glass pastes |
7.3. | Emerging Technologies in Anisotropically Conductive Films (ACFs) |
7.3.1. | Innovations in ACFs |
7.3.2. | Summary of Technologies in ACF |
7.3.3. | Electrically aligned ACF (CondAlign) |
7.3.4. | CondAlign |
7.3.5. | Mechanically aligned ACF (Dexerials) |
7.3.6. | Dexerials |
7.3.7. | Emerging Technologies in Anisotropically Conductive Pastes (ACPs) |
7.3.8. | Innovations in ACPs |
7.3.9. | Summary of Technologies in ACP |
7.3.10. | Magnetically aligned ACA (SunRay Scientific) |
7.3.11. | SunRay Scientific |
7.3.12. | Nopion |
8. | APPLICATIONS OF ECAS |
8.1.1. | Applications of ECAs |
8.1.2. | Overview of applications |
8.1.3. | ECA Adoption for Multiple Applications |
8.1.4. | Roadmap: Emerging applications for ECAs |
8.1.5. | Specialisation of ECAs |
8.1.6. | Applications which require greater specialisation |
8.1.7. | Applications which require slight specialisation |
8.1.8. | The limits of ECA applications |
8.1.9. | Summary of Pros and Cons for Various Applications |
8.1.10. | Summary of Pros and Cons for Various Applications |
8.1.11. | Global ECA market forecast by Application sector |
8.1.12. | Global ICA market forecast by Application sector |
8.1.13. | Global ACP market forecast by Application sector |
8.1.14. | Global ACF market forecast by Application sector |
8.2. | Consumer electronics |
8.2.1. | A summary of ECAs in consumer electronics applications |
8.2.2. | Global ECA consumer electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
8.2.3. | Global ECA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type |
8.2.4. | Global ICA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type |
8.2.5. | Global ACA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type |
8.2.6. | The Consumer Electronics Industry |
8.2.7. | Circuit board attachment in Consumer Electronics |
8.2.8. | Mounting of Crystal devices |
8.2.9. | Crystal Device Mounts - Fujikura Kasei |
8.2.10. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Consumer Electronics Applications |
8.2.11. | SWOT analysis of ECA in Consumer electronics applications |
8.3. | Automotive |
8.3.1. | A summary of ECAs in automotive electronics applications |
8.3.2. | Global ECA automotive electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
8.3.3. | Types of automotive vehicle by engine type |
8.3.4. | Global ECA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type |
8.3.5. | Global ICA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type |
8.3.6. | Global ACA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type |
8.3.7. | The potential of Automotive Electronics Applications |
8.3.8. | Uses of ECAs within a vehicle |
8.3.9. | Use of ECAs in automotive circuit boards |
8.3.10. | ECAs in Advanced automotive sensors |
8.3.11. | Automotive display applications |
8.3.12. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Automotive Electronics Applications |
8.3.13. | SWOT analysis of ECA in automotive electronics applications |
8.4. | Aerospace |
8.4.1. | A summary of ECAs in aerospace electronics applications |
8.4.2. | Global ECA aerospace electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
8.4.3. | The use of ECAs in Aerospace applications |
8.4.4. | Structural Electronics in the aerospace industry |
8.4.5. | Structural Adhesives - Luna Innovations |
8.4.6. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Aerospace Electronics Applications |
8.4.7. | SWOT analysis of ECA in aerospace electronics applications |
8.5. | Displays |
8.5.1. | A summary of ECAs in display technology applications |
8.5.2. | Global ECA for display applications market forecast |
8.5.3. | ECAs for Display Applications |
8.5.4. | Examples of display applications |
8.5.5. | A schematic of display interconnections |
8.5.6. | Prevalence of different display technologies |
8.5.7. | Automotive display applications |
8.5.8. | ACFs for Display attachment - Dexerials |
8.5.9. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Display Applications |
8.5.10. | SWOT analysis of ECA in display applications |
8.6. | EMI Shielding |
8.6.1. | A summary of ECAs in EMI shielding applications |
8.6.2. | Global ECA for EMI shielding market forecast |
8.6.3. | EMI shielding effects |
8.6.4. | ECA differences for EMI Shielding |
8.6.5. | The demands of EMI shielding |
8.6.6. | EMI Shielding: Adhesives vs Sealants |
8.6.7. | Joint Configurations of EMI shielding |
8.6.8. | Mechanical Requirements of EMI Shielding |
8.6.9. | Mechanical Requirements of EMI Shielding - Lap Shear Strength |
8.6.10. | Mechanical Requirements of EMI Shielding - Bond Line Thickness |
8.6.11. | Mechanical Requirements of EMI Shielding - Flexibility |
8.6.12. | Electrical Requirements of EMI Shielding |
8.6.13. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in EMI Shielding Applications |
8.6.14. | SWOT analysis of ECA in EMI Shielding applications |
8.7. | Photovoltaics |
8.7.1. | A summary of ECAs in Photovoltaic applications |
8.7.2. | Global ECA for photovoltaic applications market forecast |
8.7.3. | The potential use of ECAs in photovoltaic applications |
8.7.4. | Development of ECAs for PV cells |
8.7.5. | Shingled PV cells |
8.7.6. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Photovoltaic Applications |
8.7.7. | SWOT analysis of ECAs in PV cell applications |
8.8. | Printed and Flexible Electronics |
8.8.1. | A summary of ECAs in printed and flexible electronics applications |
8.8.2. | Global ECA for printed and flexible electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
8.8.3. | The potential for ECAs in Printed Electronics |
8.8.4. | Trend towards low temperature substrates for printed/flexible electronics |
8.8.5. | Example of conductive adhesives on flexible substrates |
8.8.6. | Component attachment for flexible hybrid electronics |
8.8.7. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Flexible and Printed Electronics Applications |
8.8.8. | SWOT analysis of ECA in flexible and printed electronics applications |
8.9. | Wearables |
8.9.1. | A summary of ECAs in wearable electronics applications |
8.9.2. | Global ECA wearable electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
8.9.3. | Global ECA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type |
8.9.4. | Global ICA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type |
8.9.5. | Global ACA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type |
8.9.6. | What are Wearable Technologies? |
8.9.7. | Historic Wearable Technology Market Forecast |
8.9.8. | The two types of ECAs in wearable applications |
8.9.9. | Schematics of ECAs in wearable applications |
8.9.10. | Component/Component ECAs in wearable electronics |
8.9.11. | ICA vs ACA in wearable applications |
8.9.12. | Adhesives Research - AR |
8.9.13. | Creative Materials |
8.9.14. | Dycotec |
8.9.15. | Component/Component attach ECAs development |
8.9.16. | What are electrode/skin attach adhesives? |
8.9.17. | Why are E/S adhesives needed? |
8.9.18. | Product areas with body-worn electrodes |
8.9.19. | Differences between wet and dry electrodes |
8.9.20. | Wet vs dry electrodes schematic |
8.9.21. | Medical Adhesive Technologies |
8.9.22. | Development areas for hydrogel adhesives |
8.9.23. | Lohmann Tapes: Key Factors |
8.9.24. | Sekisui Kasei & ST-gel |
8.9.25. | Henkel: ECG arrangements |
8.9.26. | CondAlign: Electrode Attachment |
8.9.27. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Wearable Applications |
8.9.28. | SWOT analysis of ECA in Wearable Applications |
8.10. | RFID |
8.10.1. | A summary of ECAs in RFID applications |
8.10.2. | Global ECA for RFID market forecast by type of ECA |
8.10.3. | What is RFID? |
8.10.4. | ECAs for use in RFID |
8.10.5. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in RFID Applications |
8.10.6. | SWOT analysis of ECA in RFID applications |
8.11. | In-mold Electronics |
8.11.1. | A summary of ECAs in In-mold electronics applications |
8.11.2. | Global ECA for In-mold electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
8.11.3. | The potential for ECAs in In-mold Electronics |
8.11.4. | A summary of the In-mold electronics process |
8.11.5. | Challenges of In-mold Electronics |
8.11.6. | Surviving the IME process |
8.11.7. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in In-mold Electronics Applications |
8.11.8. | SWOT analysis of ECA for IME applications |
9. | FORECASTS |
9.1.1. | Global ECA market forecast by type of ECA |
9.1.2. | Global ECA forecast by proportional of ECA type |
9.1.3. | Global ECA market forecast by Application sector |
9.1.4. | Global ICA market forecast by Application sector |
9.1.5. | Global ACP market forecast by Application sector |
9.1.6. | Global ACF market forecast by Application sector |
9.1.7. | Global ECA consumer electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
9.1.8. | Global ECA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type |
9.1.9. | Global ICA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type |
9.1.10. | Global ACA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type |
9.1.11. | Global ECA automotive electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
9.1.12. | Global ECA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type |
9.1.13. | Global ICA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type |
9.1.14. | Global ACA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type |
9.1.15. | Global ECA aerospace electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
9.1.16. | Global ECA for display applications market forecast |
9.1.17. | Global ECA for EMI shielding market forecast |
9.1.18. | Global ECA for photovoltaic applications market forecast |
9.1.19. | Global ECA for printed and flexible electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
9.1.20. | Global ECA wearable electronics market forecast by type of ECA |
9.1.21. | Global ECA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type |
9.1.22. | Global ICA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type |
9.1.23. | Global ACA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type |
9.1.24. | Global ECA for RFID market forecast by type of ECA |
9.1.25. | Global ECA for In-mold electronics market forecast by type of ECA |