1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Printed/flexible/organic electronics market |
1.2. | Printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications. |
1.3. | Transitions in the automotive industry |
1.4. | Advantages of roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing |
1.5. | What is flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)? |
1.6. | Automotive-relevant attributes of FHE |
1.7. | Printed/flexible electronics in vehicle powertrains. |
1.8. | Battery thermal management: Optimal temperature required |
1.9. | Integrated pressure/temperature sensors and heaters for battery cells |
1.10. | Technological/commercial readiness level of printed/flexible electronics in vehicle powertrains |
1.11. | Vehicle interiors increasingly provide differentiation |
1.12. | Printed/flexible electronics for vehicle interiors |
1.13. | Printed/flexible electronics opportunities from car interior trends |
1.14. | Printed/flexible electronics enables cost differentiation and/or cost reduction |
1.15. | Integrated stretchable pressure sensors |
1.16. | Innovative integration of capacitive touch screens |
1.17. | Hybrid piezoresistive/capacitive sensors |
1.18. | Metallization and materials for each 3D electronics methodology |
1.19. | Motivation for 3D electronics |
1.20. | In-mold electronics: Summary |
1.21. | Printed/flexible electronics in automotive displays and lighting |
1.22. | Technological/commercial readiness level of printed/flexible electronics in vehicle interiors |
1.23. | Printed/flexible electronics for vehicle exteriors |
1.24. | SWIR for autonomous mobility and ADAS |
1.25. | Transparent electronics for ADAS radar |
1.26. | Opportunities for printed/flexible electronics in exterior automotive lighting |
1.27. | Transparent heaters for exterior lighting/sensors/windows |
1.28. | Where are printed/flexible photovoltaics envisaged in cars? |
1.29. | Technological/commercial readiness level of printed/flexible electronics in vehicle exteriors |
1.30. | Global car market forecast by powertrain |
1.31. | Overall forecast: Printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications (volume) |
1.32. | Overall forecast for printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications (volume) (data table) |
1.33. | Overall forecast: Printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications (revenue) |
1.34. | Overall forecast for printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications (revenue) (data table) |
1.35. | Forecast revenue CAGR 2021-2031 |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1.1. | Printed/flexible/organic electronics market |
2.1.2. | Description and analysis of the main technology components of printed, flexible and organic electronics |
2.1.3. | Market potential and profitability |
2.1.4. | Printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications. |
2.1.5. | Transitions in the automotive industry |
2.1.6. | Trends in automotive powertrain adoption |
2.1.7. | Trends in autonomous vehicle adoption |
2.1.8. | What are the levels of automation in cars? |
2.1.9. | Opportunities for printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications |
2.1.10. | Advantages of roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing |
2.1.11. | Flexible hybrid electronic (FHE) circuits for automotive applications |
2.1.12. | What is flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)? |
2.1.13. | What counts as FHE? |
2.1.14. | FHE: The best of both worlds? |
2.1.15. | Overcoming the flexibility/functionality compromise |
2.1.16. | Commonality with other electronics methodologies |
2.1.17. | Automotive-relevant attributes of FHE |
2.1.18. | PCB replacement with FHE circuits |
2.2. | Overall market forecasts |
2.2.1. | Forecasting methodology |
2.2.2. | Forecast: Global car market by powertrain |
2.2.3. | Forecast: Global autonomous car market |
2.2.4. | Forecast: Global autonomous car market (data table) |
2.2.5. | Overall forecast: Printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications (volume) |
2.2.6. | Overall forecast: Printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications (volume) (data table) |
2.2.7. | Overall forecast: Printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications (revenue) |
2.2.8. | Overall forecast: Printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications (revenue) (data table) |
2.2.9. | Forecast revenue CAGR 2021-2031 |
2.2.10. | Forecast: Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) |
2.2.11. | Forecast: Flexible hybrid electronics (data table) |
2.2.12. | Forecast: Printed sensors and heaters for batteries |
2.2.13. | Forecast: TIMs for electric vehicles |
2.2.14. | Forecast: TIMs for electric vehicles (data table) |
2.2.15. | Forecast: HMI technologies |
2.2.16. | Forecast: HMI technologies (data table) |
2.2.17. | Forecast: OLED displays |
2.2.18. | Forecast: OLED displays (data table) |
2.2.19. | Forecast: IME /FIM/Electronics on 3D surfaces |
2.2.20. | Forecast: IME/FIM/Electronics on 3D surfaces (data table) |
2.2.21. | Forecast: Printed heaters for seats and interior (data table) |
2.2.22. | Forecast: Exterior applications of printed/flexible electronics |
3. | PRINTED/FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWERTRAINS |
3.1.1. | Printed/flexible electronics in electric vehicles |
3.2. | Battery monitoring/heating for electric vehicles |
3.2.1. | Introduction to thermal management for electric vehicles |
3.2.2. | Battery thermal management: Optimal temperature required |
3.2.3. | Integrated battery temperature sensing and heating: IEE |
3.2.4. | Printed battery module heater: IEE |
3.2.5. | Silicon nanoparticle ink for temperature sensing (PST Sensors) (II) |
3.2.6. | Printed temperature sensors and heaters |
3.2.7. | InnovationLab: Integrated pressure/temperature sensors and heaters for battery cells |
3.2.8. | SWOT: Temperature control (sensing/heating) for battery systems |
3.2.9. | Temperature control (sensing/heating) for battery systems |
3.3. | Thermal interface materials for electric vehicle powertrains |
3.3.1. | Thermal management materials (TIMs) in automotive applications |
3.3.2. | Thermal management - pack and module overview |
3.3.3. | Why use TIM in power modules? |
3.3.4. | Automotive applications are a harsh environment |
3.3.5. | Thermal greases are still the norm |
3.3.6. | Thermal management of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) |
3.3.7. | Alternatives TIMs: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) |
3.3.8. | Carbon nanotubes for TIMs: Stanford University |
3.3.9. | Thermoelectric Coolers and Generators |
3.3.10. | Thermoelectric coolers and generators |
3.3.11. | SWOT: Thermal management materials |
3.3.12. | Thermal management and thermal interface materials |
3.4. | Summary: Printed/flexible electronics in electric vehicle powertrains |
3.4.1. | Technological/commercial readiness level of printed/flexible electronics in vehicle powertrains |
3.4.2. | Forecast: Printed sensors and heaters for batteries |
3.4.3. | Forecast: TIMs for electric vehicles |
3.4.4. | Forecast: TIMs for electric vehicles (data table) |
4. | PRINTED/FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS IN VEHICLE INTERIORS |
4.1.1. | Vehicle interiors increasingly provide differentiation |
4.1.2. | Printed / flexible electronics in car interiors |
4.1.3. | Evolution of car interiors: 1950s - 1980s |
4.1.4. | Evolution of car interiors: 1990s - today |
4.1.5. | Evolution of car interiors: today - future |
4.1.6. | Printed/flexible electronics opportunities from car interior trends |
4.1.7. | Printed/flexible electronics enables cost differentiation and/or cost reduction |
4.2. | Human machine interface (HMI) technologies |
4.2.1. | Company profiles: HMI Sensors |
4.2.2. | Piezoresistive sensors |
4.2.3. | Printed piezoresistive sensors: An introduction |
4.2.4. | Automotive applications for printed piezoresistive sensors |
4.2.5. | Automotive seat occupancy sensors |
4.2.6. | What are force sensing resistors (FSR)? |
4.2.7. | What is piezoresistance? |
4.2.8. | Percolation dependent resistance |
4.2.9. | Thru-mode sensors |
4.2.10. | Shunt mode sensors |
4.2.11. | Force vs resistance characteristics |
4.2.12. | Piezoresistive inks for force sensitive resistors |
4.2.13. | Complete material portfolio approach is common |
4.2.14. | IEE: Seat occupancy sensors |
4.2.15. | ForcIOT: Integrated stretchable pressure sensors |
4.2.16. | Tangio: 3D multi-touch pressure sensors |
4.2.17. | Tekscan: Matrix pressure sensor architecture |
4.2.18. | Piezoresistive sensors in car seats |
4.2.19. | InnovationLab: Spatially resolved flexible pressure sensor |
4.2.20. | Technological development of piezoresistive sensors. |
4.2.21. | Business models for printed piezoresistive sensors |
4.2.22. | SWOT: Piezoresistive sensors |
4.2.23. | Capacitive sensors |
4.2.24. | Capacitive sensors: Working principle |
4.2.25. | TG0: Integrated capacitive sensing |
4.2.26. | Rotary dial on a capacitive touch screen |
4.2.27. | Conductive materials for transparent capacitive sensors |
4.2.28. | Quantitative benchmarking of different TCF technologies |
4.2.29. | Technology comparison |
4.2.30. | Silver nanowires: An introduction |
4.2.31. | Properties of silver nanowires |
4.2.32. | Combining AgNW and CNTs for a TCF material (Chasm) |
4.2.33. | Metal mesh: Photolithography followed by etching |
4.2.34. | Direct printed metal mesh transparent conductive films: performance |
4.2.35. | Direct printed metal mesh transparent conductive films: major shortcomings |
4.2.36. | Introduction to Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) |
4.2.37. | Carbon nanotube transparent conductive films: performance of commercial films on the market |
4.2.38. | Carbon nanotube transparent conductive films: mechanical flexibility |
4.2.39. | PEDOT:PSS |
4.2.40. | Performance of PEDOT:PSS has drastically improved |
4.2.41. | Use case examples of PEDOT:PSS TCF for capacitive touch sensors |
4.2.42. | SWOT: Printed/flexible capacitive sensors |
4.2.43. | Hybrid piezoresistive/capacitive sensors |
4.2.44. | Tangio: Hybrid FSR/capacitive sensors |
4.2.45. | Curved sensors with consistent zero (Tacterion) |
4.2.46. | Tacterion: Flexible combined force/capacitive sensing |
4.2.47. | Summary: Printed piezoresistive sensor applications |
4.2.48. | SWOT: Hybrid piezoresistive / capacitive sensors |
4.2.49. | Piezoelectric sensors |
4.2.50. | Piezoelectric sensors: An introduction |
4.2.51. | Printed piezoelectric sensor |
4.2.52. | Piezoelectric polymers |
4.2.53. | PVDF-based polymer options for sensing and haptic actuators |
4.2.54. | Piezoelectric polymers sensors: Pyzoflex |
4.2.55. | Meggitt: Inorganic piezoelectric inks |
4.2.56. | SWOT: Piezoelectric sensors |
4.3. | Printed/flexible interior heaters |
4.3.1. | Printed car seat heaters |
4.3.2. | Car seat heaters |
4.3.3. | Graphene inks are a potential substitute? |
4.3.4. | Transparent circuits as car interior heaters |
4.3.5. | Transparent circuits as car interior heaters (continued) |
4.3.6. | Company profiles: Printed/flexible interior heaters |
4.3.7. | SWOT: Printed/flexible interior heaters |
4.4. | Emerging manufacturing methodologies for integrating electronics |
4.4.1. | Metallization and materials for each 3D electronics methodology |
4.4.2. | 3D electronics manufacturing method flowchart |
4.4.3. | HMI: Trend towards 3D touch surfaces |
4.4.4. | Company profiles: Emerging manufacturing methodologies |
4.4.5. | Printing electronics onto 3D surfaces |
4.4.6. | 3D electronics requires special electronic design software |
4.4.7. | Advantages of 3D electronics vs conventional PCBs |
4.4.8. | Motivation for 3D electronics |
4.4.9. | Comparing selective metallization methods |
4.4.10. | Aerosol deposition onto 3D surfaces |
4.4.11. | Replacing wiring bundles with printed electronics |
4.4.12. | Comparison of metallization methods |
4.4.13. | SWOT: Electronics onto 3D surfaces |
4.4.14. | Summary: Electronics onto 3D surfaces |
4.4.15. | In-mold electronics (IME) and film-insert molding (FIM) |
4.4.16. | In-mold electronics: Summary |
4.4.17. | Manufacturing in-mold electronics (IME)? |
4.4.18. | What is the in-mold electronic process? |
4.4.19. | Motivation for IME in automotive applications |
4.4.20. | In-mold electronic application: Automotive |
4.4.21. | Addressable market in vehicle interiors in 2020 and 2025 |
4.4.22. | Automotive: In-mold decoration product examples |
4.4.23. | Case study: Ford and T-ink |
4.4.24. | Automotive: Human machine interfaces |
4.4.25. | Stretchable conductive inks for in-mold electronics |
4.4.26. | In-mold conductive inks on the market |
4.4.27. | Printed and thermoformed overhead console |
4.4.28. | Covestro: Plastics for IME |
4.4.29. | Plastic Electronic: Film insert molding |
4.4.30. | PolyIC: Film insert molding |
4.4.31. | Molex: Capacitive touch panel with backlighting |
4.4.32. | SWOT: In-mold electronics (IME) and film-insert molding (FIM) |
4.5. | Interior displays and lighting |
4.5.1. | Mercedes-Benz: 3 screens mounted collectively |
4.5.2. | Increased adoption of large displays and lighting |
4.5.3. | Company profiles: Interior displays and lighting |
4.5.4. | OLED and flexible displays |
4.5.5. | OLED displays for automotive applications |
4.5.6. | Where are OLED displays used in automotive applications? |
4.5.7. | Visteon: Curved screens in automotive interiors |
4.5.8. | ROYOLE: Flexible OLED displays for gauge clusters |
4.5.9. | Passive-matrix OLEDs |
4.5.10. | Active matrix OLED in automotive applications |
4.5.11. | Transparent OLED for heads-up displays |
4.5.12. | Flexible LCD displays |
4.5.13. | SWOT: OLED and flexible displays |
4.5.14. | Emerging display and lighting technologies for automotive interiors |
4.5.15. | Printed/flexible electronics in automotive displays and lighting |
4.5.16. | Micro-LED in automotive displays |
4.5.17. | Comparisons of LEDs for displays |
4.5.18. | Integrating lighting and e-textiles |
4.5.19. | Printed LED lighting (NthDegree) |
4.5.20. | SWOT: Emerging display and lighting technologies |
4.6. | Summary: Printed/flexible electronics in vehicle interiors |
4.6.1. | Summary: Printed/flexible electronics in vehicle interiors |
4.6.2. | Technological/commercial readiness level of printed/flexible electronics in vehicle interiors |
4.6.3. | Forecast: HMI technologies |
4.6.4. | Forecasts: HMI technologies (data table) |
4.6.5. | Forecast: OLED displays |
4.6.6. | Forecasts: OLED displays (data table) |
4.6.7. | Forecast: IME /FIM/Electronics on 3D surfaces |
4.6.8. | Forecast: IME/FIM/Electronics on 3D surfaces (data table) |
4.6.9. | Forecast: Printed heaters for seats and interior (data table) |
5. | PRINTED/FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS IN VEHICLE EXTERIORS |
5.1.1. | Printed/flexible electronics in vehicle exteriors |
5.2. | Hybrid SWIR image sensors |
5.2.1. | SWIR for autonomous mobility and ADAS |
5.2.2. | Other SWIR benefits: Better hazard detection |
5.2.3. | Types of printed photodetectors/image sensors |
5.2.4. | SWIR: Incumbent and emerging technology options |
5.2.5. | Existing long wavelength detection: InGaAs |
5.2.6. | OPD on CMOS hybrid image sensors |
5.2.7. | Fraunhofer FEP: SWIR OPD-on-CMOS sensors |
5.2.8. | Quantum dots as optical sensor materials |
5.2.9. | Hybrid quantum dots for SWIR imaging |
5.2.10. | QD-Si hybrid image sensors: Reducing thickness |
5.2.11. | QD-Si hybrid image sensors: Low power and high sensitivity to structured light detection for machine vision? |
5.2.12. | Advantage of solution processing: Ease of integration with a silicon ROIC |
5.2.13. | Quantum dot films: Processing challenges |
5.2.14. | How is the QD layer applied? |
5.2.15. | Emberion: QD-Graphene-Si broad range SWIR sensor |
5.2.16. | QD-on-CMOS integration examples (IMEC) |
5.2.17. | Challenges for QD-Si technology for SWIR imaging. |
5.2.18. | QD-on-CMOS sensors ongoing technical challenges |
5.2.19. | Comparing SWIR image sensors technologies |
5.2.20. | Technology readiness level snapshot of printed image sensors |
5.2.21. | SWOT: Hybrid SWIR image sensors |
5.2.22. | Company profiles: SWIR imaging with hybrid sensors |
5.3. | Integrated antenna (including for radar) |
5.3.1. | Transparent electronics for ADAS radar |
5.3.2. | Radar integrated into headlights |
5.3.3. | Radar integrated into headlights (continued) |
5.3.4. | SWOT: Integrated antennas with printed electronics |
5.3.5. | Company profiles: Integrated antennas |
5.4. | Exterior lighting |
5.4.1. | Opportunities for printed/flexible electronics in exterior automotive lighting |
5.4.2. | OLED lighting |
5.4.3. | Commercializing OLED lighting is more challenging than OLED displays |
5.4.4. | OLED taillights commercialized |
5.4.5. | Comparing OLED and LED lighting |
5.4.6. | Konica Minolta develops R2R line |
5.4.7. | Mini-LEDs on flexible substrates for automotive lighting. |
5.4.8. | Flexbright mount LEDs on flexible substrates for bus/tram destination boards. |
5.4.9. | Lighting for autonomous car-to-person communication |
5.4.10. | SWOT: Flexible/printed exterior lighting |
5.4.11. | Company profiles: Exterior lighting |
5.4.12. | Transparent heaters for exterior lighting / sensors / windows |
5.5. | Transparent heaters for exterior lighting/sensors/windows |
5.5.1. | Automotive de-foggers are an established business |
5.5.2. | Printing on polycarbonate car windows. |
5.5.3. | Printed on-glass heater: digital printing comes of age? |
5.5.4. | Key suppliers for rear window defoggers |
5.5.5. | Growing need for 3D shaped transparent heater in automotive |
5.5.6. | Direct heating of headlamp plastic covers |
5.5.7. | Laser transfer printing as a new process for vehicle glass printing |
5.5.8. | Metal mesh transparent conductors as replacement for printed heaters? |
5.5.9. | Chasm: Transparent heaters with silver nanowires/CNTs |
5.5.10. | Carbon nanotube transparent conductors as replacement for printed heaters? |
5.5.11. | SWOT: Transparent heaters for exterior lighting / sensors / windows |
5.5.12. | Company profiles: Transparent exterior heaters |
5.6. | Printed/flexible photovoltaics |
5.6.1. | Where are printed/flexible photovoltaics envisaged in cars? |
5.6.2. | Webasto: Semi-transparent solar PV roof |
5.6.3. | Lightyear: Long range solar electric vehicle |
5.6.4. | Toyota develop solar powered car |
5.6.5. | Hyundai introduces silicon solar panels on roofs. |
5.6.6. | Sono Motors develop solar powered car |
5.6.7. | Tandem silicon-perovskite solar cells increase efficiency |
5.6.8. | Challenges in the adoption of PV in automotive applications |
5.6.9. | Company profiles: PV in automotive applications |
5.7. | Summary: Printed/flexible electronics in vehicle exteriors |
5.7.1. | Summary: Exterior |
5.7.2. | Technological/commercial readiness level of printed/flexible electronics in vehicle exteriors |
5.7.3. | Forecast: Exterior applications of printed/flexible electronics |