1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | The evolving form factor of electronics |
1.2. | Technology Readiness Chart: by technology |
1.3. | Number of products containing stretchable electronic features |
1.4. | Revenue from stretchable electronics |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Definitions and inclusions |
2.2. | Stretchable electronics: Where is the money so far? |
2.3. | Why do we need stretchable electronics? |
2.4. | Characterising a stretchable substrate |
2.5. | Conformal electronic functionality on custom shapes |
2.6. | Smart skin |
2.7. | Megatrends |
2.8. | The megatrend towards ubiquitous electronics |
2.9. | Our ubiquitous electronics will be stretchable |
2.10. | Technology Readiness Chart: by technology |
3. | STRETCHABLE ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) |
3.1. | Electronic Textiles (E-Textiles) |
3.2. | Most conductive fibres are not stretchable (with exceptions) |
3.3. | Examples of traditional conductive fibres |
3.4. | Academic exceptions: UT, Dallas: SEBS / NTS stretchable wires |
3.5. | Academic exceptions: Sungkyunkwan University - PU & Ag nanoflowers |
3.6. | Academic exceptions:MIT: Stretch sensors using CNTs on polybutyrate |
3.7. | Yarns for stretchable electronics |
3.8. | Commercial wire-based stretchable yarns |
3.9. | Hybrid yarns can be conductive, elastic and comfortable |
3.10. | Conductive yarns from Natural Fibre Welding |
3.11. | Stretchable electronic fabrics |
3.12. | Examples of stretchable electronic fabric components |
3.13. | Teijin: Piezoelectric yarns for e-textiles |
3.14. | Teijin: electronics-on-a-pin for e-textiles |
3.15. | ITU: stretchable Ag NW fibres |
3.16. | Stretchable fabrics in e-textiles today |
3.17. | Design trends to accommodate stretchable electronics |
4. | STRETCHABLE CONDUCTIVE INKS |
4.1. | Stretchable inks: general observations |
4.2. | Stretchable conductive inks on the market (Jujo Chemical, Ash Chemical, EMS/Nagase, Toyobo, DuPont, Henkel, Panasonic, Taiyo, Cemedine, and so on) |
4.3. | Performance of stretchable conductive inks |
4.4. | Evolution and improvements in performance of stretchable conductive inks |
4.5. | The role of particle size and resin in stretchable inks |
4.6. | The role of pattern design in stretchable conductive inks |
4.7. | Washability for stretchable conductive inks |
4.8. | DuPont: latest progress in stretchable conductive inks |
4.9. | Encapsulation choice for stretchable inks |
4.10. | The role of the encapsulant in supressing resistivity changes |
4.11. | The role of a common substrate for stretchable inks in e-textiles |
4.12. | Graphene-based stretchable conductive inks |
4.13. | Graphene heaters in electronic textiles |
4.14. | Examples of stretchable conductive inks in e-textiles |
4.15. | Examples of e-textile sports products made using conductive yarns |
4.16. | PEDOT-impregnated fabric for e-textiles |
4.17. | CNT heaters for photovoltaic defrosting |
4.18. | DuPont: Application Examples |
5. | IN-MOLD ELECTRONICS: AN ASSESSMENT |
5.1. | What is in-mold electronics? |
5.2. | IME: 3D friendly process for circuit making |
5.3. | What is the in-mold electronic process? |
5.4. | Comments on requirements |
5.5. | Conductive ink requirements for in-mold electronics |
5.6. | New ink requirements: stretchability |
5.7. | Evolution and improvements in performance of stretchable conductive inks |
5.8. | Performance of stretchable conductive inks |
5.9. | The role of particle size in stretchable inks |
5.10. | The role of resin in stretchable inks |
5.11. | New ink requirements: portfolio approach |
5.12. | Diversity of material portfolio |
5.13. | New ink requirements: surviving heat stress |
5.14. | New ink requirements: stability |
5.15. | All materials in the stack must be reliable |
5.16. | Design: general observations |
5.17. | Expanding range of functional materials Here we will show that IME compatible functional materials are progressing beyond just conductive inks |
5.18. | Stretchable carbon nanotube transparent conducting films |
5.19. | Prototype examples of carbon nanotube in-mold transparent conductive films |
5.20. | Prototype examples of in-mold and stretchable PEDOT:PSS transparent conductive films |
5.21. | In-mold and stretchable metal mesh transparent conductive films |
5.22. | Other in-mold transparent conductive film technologies |
5.23. | Beyond IME conductive inks: adhesives |
5.24. | Towards more complex devices such as sensors, actuators and displays |
5.25. | Beyond conductive inks: thermoformed polymeric actuator? |
5.26. | Thermoformed 3D shaped reflective LCD display |
5.27. | Thermoformed 3D shaped RGD AMOLED with LTPS |
5.28. | Molding electronics in 3D shaped composites |
5.29. | Overview of applications, commercialization progress, and prototypes |
5.30. | In-mold electronic application: automotive |
5.31. | White goods, medical and industrial control (HMI) |
5.32. | Is IME commercial yet? |
5.33. | First (ALMOST) success story: overhead console in cars |
5.34. | Commercial products: wearable technology |
5.35. | Automotive: direct heating of headlamp plastic covers |
5.36. | Automotive: human machine interfaces |
5.37. | White goods: human machine interfaces |
5.38. | Functional material suppliers |
5.39. | In mold electronics: emerging value chain |
5.40. | Stretchable conductive ink suppliers multiply |
5.41. | IME conductive ink suppliers multiply |
5.42. | Competing Technologies |
5.43. | Printing directly on a 3D surface? |
5.44. | Aerosol: how does it work? |
5.45. | Applications of aerosol |
5.46. | Optomec: update on market leader |
5.47. | Molded Interconnect Devices: Laser Direct Structuring |
5.48. | Applications of laser direct structuring |
5.49. | Printed PCB: Progress towards rapid PCB prototyping using Ag nanoparticle inks |
5.50. | Printed PCB: New comers enter into 3D printed electronics |
5.51. | Transfer printing: printing test strips & using lamination to compete with IME |
5.52. | IME with functional films made with evaporated lines |
5.53. | Benchmarking different processes (IME, MID, 3DP, aerosol) |
6. | SUBSTRATES FOR STRETCHABLE ELECTRONICS |
6.1. | Substrate choice for stretchable electronics |
6.2. | Panasonic's stretchable insulating resin film with electronic circuits |
6.3. | Nikkan Industries: Stretchable substrate as alternatives to TPU |
6.4. | Panasonic: stretchable substrate |
7. | STRETCHABLE SENSORS |
7.1. | Introduction |
7.2. | High-strain sensors (capacitive) |
7.3. | Use of dielectric electroactive polymers (EAPs) |
7.4. | Players with EAPs: Parker Hannifin |
7.5. | Players with EAPs: Stretchsense |
7.6. | Players with EAPs: Bando Chemical |
7.7. | C Stretch Bando: Progress on stretchable sensors |
7.8. | Other force sensors (capacitive & resistive) |
7.9. | Force sensor examples: Polymatech |
7.10. | Force sensor examples: Sensing Tex |
7.11. | Force sensor examples: Vista Medical |
7.12. | Force sensor examples: InnovationLab |
7.13. | Force sensor examples: Tacterion |
7.14. | Force sensor example: Yamaha and Kureha |
7.15. | Force sensor examples: BeBop Sensors |
7.16. | Stretchability within skin patch sensors |
7.17. | Example: Stretchability in chemical sensors |
7.18. | Example: Stretchability in body-worn electrodes |
7.19. | Academic examples: UNIST, Korea |
7.20. | Academic examples: Stanford University |
7.21. | Academic examples: Bio-integrated electronics for cardiac therapy |
7.22. | Academic examples: Instrumented surgical catheters using electronics on balloons |
8. | THERMOFORMED POLYMERIC ACTUATOR |
8.1. | Thermoformed polymeric actuator? |
8.2. | Kurary: flexible transparent piezoelectric actuator films |
9. | ENERGY STORAGE: STRETCHABLE BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS |
9.1. | Realization of batteries' mechanical properties |
9.2. | Material-derived stretchability |
9.3. | Comparison between flexible and traditional Li-ion batteries |
9.4. | Device-design-derived stretchability |
9.5. | Cable-type battery developed by LG Chem |
9.6. | Electrode design & architecture: important for different applications |
9.7. | Large-area multi-stacked textile battery for flexible and rollable applications |
9.8. | Stretchable lithium-ion battery — use spring-like lines |
9.9. | Foldable kirigami lithium-ion battery developed by Arizona State University |
9.10. | Fibre-shaped lithium-ion battery that can be woven into electronic textiles |
9.11. | Stretchable Supercapacitors |
10. | STRETCHABLE ENERGY HARVESTING |
10.1. | Stretchable capacitive energy harvesting up to 1 kW? |
10.2. | Stretchable triboelectric energy harvesting |
10.3. | Piezoelectric nano-generators |
11. | STRETCHABLE OR EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS BOARDS |
11.1. | Stretchable or extremely flexible circuit boards |
11.2. | Examples of thin and flexible PCBs in wearable and display applications |
11.3. | Examples of thin and flexible PCBs in various applications |
11.4. | Printed pliable and stretchable circuit boards |
11.5. | Stretchable meandering interconnects |
11.6. | Stretchable printed circuits boards |
11.7. | Examples of fully circuits on stretchable PCBs |
11.8. | Stretchable Electronics from Fraunhofer IZM |
11.9. | Stretchable actually-printed electronic circuits/systems |
11.10. | Island approach to high-performance stretchable electronics |
11.11. | Examples |
12. | STRETCHABLE BACKPLANES, DISPLAYS AND LIGHTING |
12.1. | Strategies towards stretchable backplanes and displays |
12.2. | Towards stretchable backplanes, displays, and lighting: Intrinsically stretchable materials |
12.3. | Stretchable electrophoretic display |
12.4. | Giant stretchability in electroluminescent (EL) light sources |
12.5. | Highly stretchable electroluminescent light |
12.6. | Stretchable polymeric LEC |
12.7. | Highly stretchable SWCNT thin film transistors |
12.8. | Highly stretchable printed TFT for OLED displays |
12.9. | Fully stretchable organic thin film transistors |
12.10. | Stretchable displays |
12.11. | Towards stretchable backplanes, displays, and lighting sources: Rigid islands connected by stretchable regions |
12.12. | Stretchable passive-matrix RGB LED display |
12.13. | A fully printed stretchable platform for electronics including LED matrix displays |
12.14. | General procedures of making high performance IGZO TFT on highly flexible substrate |
12.15. | Highly stretchable IGZO TFTs on stiffness-graded substrates |
12.16. | High performance IGZO TFTs with 50% stretchability |
12.17. | Towards stretchable backplanes, displays, and lighting: Wavy and/or pre-stretched substrates |
12.18. | Ultrathin stretchable polymeric OLED display |
12.19. | Highly stretchable IGZO TFTs on wavy elastomeric substrates |
13. | STRETCHABLE TRANSISTORS |
13.1. | Stretchable thin film transistors |
13.2. | Crystalline stretchable high-performance circuits |
13.3. | Examples of crystalline stretchable high-performance circuits |
13.4. | Latest progress with electronic skin |
13.5. | Artificial skin sensors based on stretchable silicon |
13.6. | Stretchable LED lighting arrays |
13.7. | Ultra-thin flexible silicon chips |
13.8. | Ultra thin silicon wafers: top-down thinning |
13.9. | Ultra thin silicon wafers: Silicon-on-Insulator |
13.10. | Ultra thin silicon wafers: ChipFilmTM approach |
14. | MARKETS |
14.1. | Key markets for stretchable electronics |
14.2. | Skin patches |
14.3. | Apparel |
14.4. | Other textile applications |
14.5. | Medical devices |
14.6. | Consumer electronic devices |
14.7. | Market pilots with early prototypes |
14.8. | The EC STELLA project |
14.9. | Pressure monitoring in an insole |
14.10. | Compression garments |
14.11. | Wireless activity monitor |
15. | FORECASTS |
15.1. | Number of products containing stretchable electronic features |
15.2. | Number of products: stretchable sensors |
15.3. | Number of products: stretchable connectors |
15.4. | Number of products: emerging stretchable components |
15.5. | Number of products: in mold electronics (IME) |
15.6. | Revenue from stretchable electronics |
15.7. | Revenue: Stretchable sensors |
15.8. | Revenue: Stretchable connectors |
15.9. | Revenue: Emerging stretchable components |
15.10. | Revenue: In mold electronics |
16. | COMPANY INTERVIEWS AND PROFILES |
16.1. | Agfa |
16.2. | Bando Chemical |
16.3. | Bebop Sensors |
16.4. | Breath |
16.5. | Canatu |
16.6. | Chasm |
16.7. | Clothing+ (Jabil) |
16.8. | CorTec GmbH |
16.9. | DuPont |
16.10. | EMS/ Nagase |
16.11. | Forciot Ltd |
16.12. | Forster Rohner Textile Innovations |
16.13. | Fujifilm |
16.14. | Fujikura Kasai |
16.15. | Henkel |
16.16. | Heraeus |
16.17. | Hexoskin |
16.18. | Hitachi Chemical |
16.19. | Holst Centre |
16.20. | Infinite Corridor Technology |
16.21. | Liquid Wire |
16.22. | mc10 |
16.23. | Nagase |
16.24. | Ohmatex |
16.25. | Panasonic |
16.26. | Piezotech |
16.27. | Poly-Ink |
16.28. | Polymatech |
16.29. | Sensing Tex |
16.30. | Showa Denko |
16.31. | StretchSense |
16.32. | Tactotek |
16.33. | Textronics (adidas) |
16.34. | T-Ink |
16.35. | Toray |
16.36. | Toyobo |
16.37. | University of Tokyo |
16.38. | Vista Medical |
16.39. | Wearable Life Sciences |
17. | APPENDIX |
17.1. | List of 25 universities mentioned in this report |
17.2. | List of 87 companies mentioned in this report |